Eastern Mojave Vegetation
By Tom Schweich
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Eastern Mojave Vegetation | Images -- Frasera albomarginata |
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By Tom Schweich |
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Unclassified Geography - Idaho Geography - Park County, CO Geography - Summit County, CO Geography - Arizona Geography - British Columbia Geography - California Geography - California's Colorado Desert Alaska Geography - Mono Lake Basin, California Geography - Mono County, California Geography - San Luis Obispo County, California Geography - Marin County, California Geography - Santa Clara County Alameda Garden Geography - Central Mojave Geography - New Mexico Geography - Eastern Mojave Geography - Northern Mojave Geography - Colorado Geography - Alamosa County, CO Geography - Boulder County, CO Geography - Clear Creek County, CO Geography - Chaffee County, CO Geography - Douglas County, CO Geography - Gilpin County, CO Geography - Golden, Colorado Geography - Weld County, CO Geography - Hinsdale County, CO Geography - Jefferson County, CO Geography - North Table Mountain, Jefferson Cty, CO Geography - Lake County, CO Geography - Larimer County, CO Geography - Nevada Geography - Oregon Geography - South Dakota Geography - Utah Geography - Virginia Geography - Washington Geography - Wyoming Spain - Andalucia Spain - Castilla y Leon Spain - Castilla-La Mancha Spain - Extremadura Spain - Galicia Spain - Madrid Portugal Geology Economic Geology Climatology Botany Salvia dorrii Frasera albomarginata Species Species - Polygonaceae Species - Brassicaceae Species - Brassicaceae, Physaria vitulifera Species - Rosaceae Species - Fabaceae Species - Onagraceae Species - Polemoniaceae Species - Boraginaceae Species - Plantaginaceae Species - Asteraceae Species - Poaceae Zoology Ecology Archeology Customer Satisfaction General Arizona California Kansas Missouri Nebraska New York Christmas 2002 Family Photos Family Documents Family Photos 2003 Art of Lydia Schweich Portraits Railroad Geography - Germany |
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| Age at Flowering
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Age of Frasera albomarginata at Flowering | My data set contains data about 276 individual plants that have been observed between 30 April 1996 and 7 June 2006. A chart of the ages of plants when they flowered and set seed is shown above. On 7 June 2006, 42 of the 134 plants shown as "3 - Still Growing" were in some stage of forming buds, flowering, or setting seed. Therefore, category "3 - Still Growing" is clearly overstated. This chart shows that F. albomarginata can be a biennial as seven plants flowered in the second season following germination and establishment. Three plants flowered in the third season. The remaining 15 plants that flowered were 4 or more years in age. The reason I say 4 years or more is that these plants were established rosettes in my experimental plots when the plots were established. I don't really know how old they are. I think, though, that it is reasonable to assume that these plants were established after the heavy bloom of 1993. Therefore, a preliminary conclusion is that the species is a biennial at a minumum, probably grows two to seven years before flowering, but that the age of flowering is probably influenced mainly by precipitation.
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| Arizona
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Distribution of Frasera in Arizona | Map prepared 20 Feb 2012.
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| Arizona, Cochise County
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Coll. No. 731, Frasera albomarginata | Scanned 1 Jan 2012.
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| Arizona, Cochise County, Johnson
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Habitat of Frasera albomarginata | Photograph taken 26 April 2011. This location is about 2 miles north of the former town of Johnson, and is looking generally south. There is a Frasera albomarginata in the center of the photograph and another rosette just to the left.
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Locality of Frasera albomarginata | Photograph taken 26 April 2011. This location is about 2 miles north of the former town of Johnson.
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View of Little Dragoon Mountains from 7 Dash Ranch Road. | Photograph taken 26 April 2011. This location is about 2 miles north of the former town of Johnson, and is looking generally west.
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View north. | Photograph taken 26 April 2011. This location is about 2 miles north of the former town of Johnson, and is looking generally north.
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Roadside habitat of Frasera albomarginata. | Photograph taken 26 April 2011. This location is about 1.5 miles north of the former town of Johnson, and is looking generally south. There is a Frasera albomarginata in the center of the photograph and another rosette just to the right.
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View east. There were a few Frasera albomarginata in the open gravel. | Photograph taken 26 April 2011. This location is about 2 miles north of the former town of Johnson, and is looking generally east. The hills in the middle ground are known as the Steele Hills.
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| Arizona, Mohave County
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Collection No. 547, Frasera albomarginata, near Mokaac Pass, Mohave County, Arizona. |
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Prime Frasera albomarginata habitat near Mokaac Pass. | Photograph taken June 9, 2008. The Frasera albomarginata was growing in the road cut. I was unable to find the taxon growing on the natural slopes above or below the road.
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Frasera albomarginata growing in tread of old road on Quail Hill, Arizona | Photograph taken June 9, 2008. The arrow shows the width of the right-hand tread of this old road.
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Habitat of Frasera albomarginata on the northeast slope of the Hualapai Mountains | Photograph taken by John L. Anderson on 3 Feb 2012.
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Habitat of Frasera albomarginata on the northeast slope of the Hualapai Mountains | Photograph taken by John L. Anderson on 3 Feb 2012.
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| Beaver Dam State Park
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View of Beaver Dam State Park from entrance | Photograph taken June 4, 2009.
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Frasera albomarginata in Beaver Dam State Park. | Photograph taken June 4, 2009.
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Frasera albomarginata in Campground "B" | Photograph taken June 4, 2009.
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| Blue 73
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Blue 73 a well-established rosette in April, 2004. | Photograph taken April 22, 2004.
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Blue 73 in Fruit at Pinto Mountain on 7-Jun-06. | Photograph taken 7-Jun-06.
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Blue 73 at Pinto Mountain | This plant is one of the longest-lived plants at Pinto Mountain. It now has two growth centers.
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Blue 73 in Flowers on May 28, 2005. | Photograph taken May 28, 2005.
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| California, San Bernardino County, Caruthers Cyn
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Collection No. 186, Frasera albomarginata, desert elkweed. | Grid is 10x10 to the inch.
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| Coll. No. 565
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Coll. No. 565, Frasera albomarginata | Photograph taken June 4, 2009.
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| Collection No. 549
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Collection No. 549 | Photograph taken June 10, 2008.
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| Collection No. 550
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Frasera albomarginata just west of Ely, Nevada | Photograph taken June 10, 2008.
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| Collection No. 551
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Prime Frasera albomarginata habitat. | Photograph taken June 11, 2008.
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Collection No. 551 | Photograph taken June 11, 2008.
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| Collection No. 552
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Collection No. 552 | Photograph taken June 11, 2008.
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Collection No. 552 | Photograph taken June 11, 2008.
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| Collection No. 553
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Collection No. 553 | Photograph taken June 11, 2008.
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| Collection No. 565
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Frasera albomarginata habitat, as prepared by the Lincoln County Road Department | Photograph taken June 4, 2009.
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| Collection No. 566
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Flower | Scanned 2 Nov 2009. Scanned at 1200 dpi, grid is 10 x 10 to the inch.
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Nodal area that has been eaten | Scanned 2 Nov 2009. Scanned at 1200 dpi, grid is 10 x 10 to the inch.
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| Collections
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Collection No. 184, Coal Pits Wash, Utah. | This is my collection of F. albomarginata from Coal Pits Wash, Utah, near Zion National Park.
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Collection No. 183, Wild Horse Mesa. | Frasera albomarginata collected on the north face of Wild Horse Mesa, May 29, 1999.
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| Colorado, Montezuma County
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Collection No. 533 | Grid is 10x10 to the inch.
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Prime Frasera albomarginata habitat in road cut. | Photograph taken June 3, 2008.
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| Distribution
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Distribution of Frasera albomarginata
in the Spring Mountains and the Sheep Range,
Clark County, Nevada | Map Prepared 25-Jan-08.
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Distribution of Frasera albomarginata
in the eastern Mojave, San Bernardino County, California | Map Prepared 25-Jan-08.
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Distribution of Frasera albomarginata in the Escalante area, Utah | Map prepared 21-Jan-08.
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Distribution of Frasera albomarginata in the Mt. Irish, Pahranagat, and Groom Ranges, Lincoln County, Nevada | Map prepared 22-Jan-08.
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Distribution of Frasera albomarginata
in Cochise County, Arizona | Map Prepared 25-Jan-08. Kearney and Peebles (1960) Flora of Arizona states the species occurs near Johnson, at elevations of 4,500 to 7,000 ft., and there is a small cluster of three collections from southeastern Arizona, near Benson. Two of the three collections appear to have been made close-by to each other, at locations described as "near Johnson," and "in the foothills of the Little Dragoon Mountains." Both of these locations are on the southeast side of the Little Dragoon Mountains. R. A. Darrow collected Frasera albomarginata (#3451, 3 May 1946) 3 miles north of Johnson, on alluvial soil from limestone ridge, with associated mesquite. R. K. Van Devender and W. D. Peachey collected (#93-618, 5 May 1993) in the foothills of Little Dragoon Mountains, about 3.2 mi from pavement at Johnson Road exit of I-10, beyond Arimetco mine pit, where it was described as abundant along disturbed roadside in overgrazed grassland. The third location is described by the collectors as locally common in desert scrub about 7 miles southwest Hookers Hot Springs. However, the geographic coordinates and the Public Land Survey System descriptions given for this location are about 10 miles south-southeast of Hookers Hot Springs. This location is also about 10 miles northwest of Johnson. There are few named landmarks in this area, except for Tres Alamos Wash which drains this area. Regardless of the proximity of the three collections, this cluster is located about 220 miles (335 km) from the nearest other collections at Petrified Forest National Park.
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Distribution of Frasera albomarginata in Lincoln County, Nevada | Map prepared 22-Jan-08.
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Distribution of Frasera albomarginata in central Utah | Map prepared 21-Jan-08.
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Distribution of Frasera albomarginata near the Grand Canyon. | Map prepared 21-Jan-08.
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Distribution of Frasera albomarginata in the Death Valley Region. | Map prepared 25-Jan-08. In the Death Valley Region, Mary DeDecker (1984) states that Frasera albomarginata is found in the Last Chance Range, and in particular on Dry Mountain. I have found only one collection. There may be others, however, in the Death Valley herbarium, and in regional herbaria such as UNLV. My own collection (#266, 10/7/2000) was made on the top of the ridge about 1 1/2 miles southeast of Last Chance Mountain. Here the species was found in open places on stony limestone-derived soil among pinyons and small shrubs.
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| Dried flower stalk.
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Dried flower stalk. | Photograph taken in September 1998 on the north face of Wild Horse Mesa. The seed capsules were 1/3 to 1/2 full of seed. This leads me to believe that the primary mode of seed dispersal is shaking of the flower stalk by the wind.
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| Early growth
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Young Frasera albomarginata. | Early growth for Frasera albomarginata is development of a rosette of leaves and a caudex.
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| Early Growth
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First year rosette at North Wild Horse Mesa. |
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| Establishment
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Staked plant at Pinto Mountain. |
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| Flower
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Frasera albomarginata that failed in bud. | My examination of one Frasera albomarginata that budded but failed to flower showed that the caudex was still fleshy. This would imply that F. albomarginata might bud again, if it fails to flower the first time. However, later observation showed that once a a plant buds and then fails to flower, it will die without attempting to flower again.
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Frasera albomarginata flower. | This is a close-up of a F. albomarginata flower. I took this photograph in mid-May, 1993. The species did not bloom again in any significant numbers until late-June, 1999.
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Frasera albomarginata infloresence. |
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Frasera albomarginata, rosette of leaves. | This rosette, about 6 cm across, is growing in loose rock.
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Flower at Wild Horse Mesa | Photographed 28 May 2012.
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Frasera albomarginata that failed in bid. | Scanned 1 January 2013.
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| Foveae
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Fovae. | Diagram of foveae found in specimens of Frasera albomarginata
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Diagram of foveae of Frasera albomarginata |
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| Habitat
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Frasera albomarginata near the Giant Ledge Mine. | Also found near the Giant Ledge Mine, this specimen of Frasera albomarginata was growing in shade on the edge of an incised watercourse. Notice, though, that there is quite a bit of soil between the cobbles.
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| Habitat, Nevada, Spring Mountains
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Frasera albomarginata with Rock Spiraea (Petrophyton sp.). | Photograph taken September 1998 at Desert Viewpoint on the Deer Creek Highway in the Spring Mountains.
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Habitat for Frasera albomarginata along NV SR 158 -- Deer Creek Highway. | Near the intersection of Kyle Canyon Road and the Deer Creek Highway, this old gravel road provided the openings that the species seems to prefer.
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| Last Chance Range
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Rosette on Last Chance Mountain | Photograph taken October 7, 2000.
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Area on Last Chance Mountain where Frasera albomarginata was found. | Photograph taken October 7, 2000.
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| Layout of Plots
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Layout of plots in Frasera albomarginata. |
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Layout of plots in Frasera albomarginata. |
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| Life cycle
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Diagram of possible Frasera albomarginata life cycle. |
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| Lincoln County
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Frasera albomarginata northwest of Crestline, Nevada | Photograph taken June 5, 2009.
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Locations of Frasera albomarginata in Silver King Pass, Lincoln County, Nevada. | Map drawn June 26, 2009.
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Frasera albomarginata east of Silver King Pass | Photograph taken June 5, 2009.
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Frasera albomarginata east of Silver King Pass | Photograph taken June 5, 2009.
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Frasera albomarginata in Bristol Pass | Photograph taken June 5, 2009.
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| Literature Cited
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Summary of Literature. |
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Summary of Literature. |
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Research of the genus Swertia by Phillipe Chassot. |
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Summary of Literature. |
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Interim report. |
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| Maps
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Location of Frasera albomarginata on the north slope of Wild Horse Mesa. |
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Location of one experimental plots in Frasera albomarginata. | This plot is on the south face of Pinto Mountain north of Cedar Canyon Road.
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Distribution of Frasera albomarginata. | Drawn 19 March 2011.
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Location of one experimental plot in Frasera albomarginata. | This plot is on the south face of Pinto Mountain north of Cedar Canyon Road.
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| Methods
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Resetting the measuring stick. | Photographed May 29, 1999, scanned 25 February 2023
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Measuring Frasera albomarginata o the north face of Wild Horse Mesa. | Photographed May 1998.
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