Tom Schweich  

2016

Saturday, February 6th

Salix alba trunks along Tucker Gulch.

Completion of 17 1/2 miles of new highway which connects by a more direct route the county seats of Bridgeport in Mono County and Markleeville in Alpine County will be celebrated by the boards of supervisors of the two counties with a dedication ceremony Sunday, when the new road will be opened formally to traffic.

The new highway, built over tortuous mountain terrain, extends from US 395 north of Coleville in Mono County to the Ebbetts Pass Highway south of Markleeville in Alpine. It has been designated a portion of State Route 89.

Hitherto, the only feasible route between Bridgeport and Markleeville was via Gardnerville, 27 miles longer than the new route.

The highway will provide more direct access from southern California to the recreational areas in the vicinity of Markleeville and Lake Tahoe, and to Carson City.

Thursday, February 18th

Southern end of North Table Mountain Trail.	View of Golden to the south.	The trail up from the switchback.	Flat area on flank of North Table Mountain	Social trail to rim of mesa.
Bird	North Table Mountain Trail follows an old road.	Social trail below the rim.	Social trail at the base of the rim.	Two to three foot steps.
Easy part of rock scramble.	Old social trail.

Saturday, February 28th

Social trail on top of fourth highway bench.	Social trail up from Easley Road.	West end of fourth highway terrace.	The green fence, boundary of Jefferson County Open Space.	North Table Loop climbs toward to the top of the mesa.
North Table Loop climbs to the top of the mesa to the west.	North Table Loop, with social trail below.	North Table Loop, with downtown Denver in the distance.	Main channel of stream just above rim.	Small creek draining the mesa from the north.
Small creek, with tussocks of grass, drains the mesa from the north.	Location of Coll Nos. 1274-1276.	Southern rim of North Table Mountain.	Pediocactus simpsonii on North Table Mountain	Habitat of Pediocactus simpsonii on North Table Mountain
Coors 997 shoves a cut of loaded covered hoppers into the brewery.

Thursday, March 3rd

Water-lain sediments between two basalt flows.	Northern part of Social Trail.	Junction of North Table Mountain Trail and social trail.	The North Table Loop heads south.	Lichen Peak Trail
Small artificial ephemeral pool along south edge of scrapped area.	Scrapped area, south side, looking west.	Spoils piles, scrapped area in foreground.	Artificial ephemeral pond; dam in right middleground.	Ephemeral pool from south; artificial dam highlighted.
Debris pile of prospect.	Pit and debris pile at prospect.	Ephemeral pond beside trail.	Pond below dam, evidence of leakage.	Prospect near Tilting Mesa Trail.
Ephemeral pond near Tilting Mesa Trail.	Northern part of scrapped area; spoils pile in left middleground.	Spoils piles in scrapped area.	Small ephemeral pond in disturbed area.	Pond beside Tilting Mesa Trail.

Monday, April 4th

Tuesday, April 5th

Saturday, April 9th

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the access road to the City of Golden water tank, 210 m from Lookout Mountain Road, 2 km south southwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7387°N, 105.2284°W. WGS 1984. Elev. 1870 m. South-facing slope of ditch, early-blooming perennial, grass is still very short.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the access road to the City of Golden water tank, 210 m from Lookout Mountain Road, 2 km south southwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7387°N, 39.7387°E. WGS 1984 Elev. 1865 m. Small plants, on south-facing bank, early spring, grass still very short, with Viola nuttallii.

Leucocrinum montanum on an old alluvial ridge in the Survey Field.	Coll. No. 1303, Leucocrinum montanum in the Survey Field.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Center of Survey Field, 525 m south of Beverly Heights Park, 2.2 km south southwest of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7365°N, 105.2261°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1873 m. South-facing slope of rocky older alluvium.

Townsendia hookeri Beaman. Hooker's Townsend Daisy.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Center of Survey Field, 525 m south of Beverly Heights Park, 2.2 km south southwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7366°N, 105.2262°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1879 m. Scattered, uncommon at this location. South-facing slope of rocky older alluvium.

Coll. No. 1304, 9 April 2016, characters observed: Perennial, acaulescent, Leaves, narrowly oblanceolate, strigose; Head, sessile (or apparently so), 12 mm. × 10-12 mm. wide; Phyllaries, many series, 8 mm., outer hairy, tipped by a tuft of tangled cilia, inner, margins and tip ciliate, but not tangled; Rays, #25-30, corolla 10 mm., white, pappus bristles, 5 mm.; Disc flowers, corolla 4.5 mm., yellow, pappus, 6 mm., bristles.

Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. Common Dandelion.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Center of Survey Field, 525 m south of Beverly Heights Park, 2.2 km south southwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7366°N, 105.2262°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1870 m. One plant, selected because of very large, globose inflorescence.

Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. Common Dandelion.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northern portion of Survey Field, 2 km south southwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7379°N, 105.2277°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1862 m. Numerous plants beside an ephemeral stream.

Windy Saddle Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower slopes of Lookout Mountain, 2.23 km southwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7371°N, 105.2322°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1944 m. Numerous plants around edges of Rhus shrubs. Hillside above Colorado School of Mines Survey Field.

Tuesday, April 12th

Coll. No. 1308, Chorispora tenella

Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. Crossflower.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Just inside North Table Mountain Park, southeast side of North Table Mountain, about 150 m, northwest of the trailhead for the Neighborhood Access Trail at the corner of Ridge Road and Ulysses Avenue, 2.9 km northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7736°N, 105.1974°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1728 m. Possibly at a former home site.

Berberis repens Lindl. Creeping Barberry.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Just inside North Table Mountain Park, southeast side of North Table Mountain, about 150 m, northwest of the trailhead for the Neighborhood Access Trail at the corner of Ridge Road and Ulysses Avenue, 2.9 km northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.774°N, 105.1977°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1751 m. Few plants on strath above creek; many more plants at higher and drier locations.

Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. Common Grape Hyacinth.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Just inside North Table Mountain Park, southeast side of North Table Mountain, about 150 m, northwest of the trailhead for the Neighborhood Access Trail at the corner of Ridge Road and Ulysses Avenue, 2.9 km northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.774°N, 105.1977°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1748 m. Near a former home site, probably naturalized.

Leucocrinum montanum Nutt. ex A. Gray. Star Lily.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Just inside North Table Mountain Park, southeast side of North Table Mountain, about 200 m, northwest of the trailhead for the Neighborhood Access Trail at the corner of Ridge Road and Ulysses Avenue, 2.9 km northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7745°N, 105.1972°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1766 m. Grassy slopes above the trail, but the grass is very short because it is still very early spring here; more common on slopes above.

Claytonia rosea Rydb. Rocky Mountain Springbeauty.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the North Table Loop, southeast side of North Table Mountain, approximately 1/2 km west of the Neighborhood Access Trail trailhead at Ridge Road and Ulysses Avenue, 2.6 km northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7738°N, 105.2019°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1876 m. Basal leaves present at flowering. East to northeast-facing grassy slope.

Thursday, April 14th.

View downstream of Coal Creek.

Viola nuttallii Pursh. Nuttall's Violet.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southern section of park, 115 m north of the Plainview Road bridge over Coal Creek, 14.5 km north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8796°N, 105.2701°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1994 m. One of the earliest flowers in bloom here.

Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. Common Dandelion.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southern section of park, 115 m north of the Plainview Road bridge over Coal Creek, 14.5 km north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8796°N, 105.2701°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1992 m. One of the earliest flowers in bloom, collected with Viola nuttallii.

Townsendia hookeri Beaman. Hooker's Townsend Daisy.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southern section of park, 360 m northwest of the Plainview Road bridge over Coal Creek, 14.5 km north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8806°N, 105.2731°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2016 m. Rocky alluvial terrace.

Pinus ponderosa Laws. Ponderosa Pine.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southern section of park, 400 m west northwest of the Plainview Road bridge over Coal Creek, 14.5 km north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8804°N, 105.2738°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2044 m. Upper slopes just below the railroad tracks.

Friday, April 22nd

North Table Mountain trail	Top of North Table Mountain.	Trail Junction: Trail to North Quary Climbing Area and Sea Cliffs.	Brunel property from North Table Mountain.	Path of rock tramway on North Table Mountain.
Something in the Apiaceae on the edges of cliffs.	Lichen Peak from the North Quarry wall.	North Quarry climbing area.	Top of the quarry road.	Artificial and ephemeral ponds on top of North Table Mountain.
Artificial pond on top of North Table Mountain.	The territory between Lichen Peak and the radio tower.	North Quarry from Lichen Peak.

Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. Common Dandelion.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. On the City of Golden North Table Mountain trail, just below the southwest rim of North Table Mountain, 1.9 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7727°N, 105.224°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1906 m. Flat area beside the trail.

Corydalis aurea Willd. Scrambled Eggs.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. On the City of Golden North Table Mountain trail, just below the southwest rim of North Table Mountain, 1.9 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7727°N, 105.2239°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1926 m. Rocky open slopes above the trail. Small plants here, one larger plant in the basalt rim of the mesa.

Tuesday, April 26th

La Veta Town Hall, formerly the railroad depot(?)	South White Peak in the Spanish Peaks area.	Cuchara Pass, elev. 9995 ft.	John B. Farley Memorial Wildflower Overlook	Cordova Pass Road interpretive panel
John B. Farley Memorial Wildflower Overlook	North Lake	Old adobe fam house along the South Fork Purgatoire River	Cows in field along the South Fork Purgatoire River.	Emergency Muster Point located to 5 decimal points.

Wednesday, April 27th

Thursday, April 28th

Wednesday, May 4th

Ribes aureum Pursh. Golden Currant.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the lower portion of the Golden Cliffs Trail, about 150 m. from the parking lot and trailhead,1.4 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7668°N, 105.2136°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1787 m. In a protected little rock enclosure, southeast aspect, more along the trail above.

Coll. No. 1319, 4 May 2016: Perennial shrub, to 1 m.; Stem, unarmed; Leaves, fascicled, broadly ovate, 29 mm. × 22 mm. wide, lobes 3, obtuse; Hypanthium, 9 mm., bright yellow; Sepals, petaloid, 5 mm.; Petals, 2.5 mm.; Ovary, 2 mm.

Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) DC. Prairie Bluebells.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the lower portion of the Golden Cliffs Trail, about 200 m. from the parking lot and trailhead,1.5 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.767°N, 105.2131°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1822 m. Growing in afternoon shade of a small point of rocks, southeast exposure, more along the trail above.

Musineon divaricatum (Pursh) Raf. Leafy Wildparsley.
Aletes acaulis (Torr.) J.M. Coult. & Rose. Stemless Indian Parsley

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest rim of North Table Mountain, 1.55 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7695°N, 105.2198°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1973 m. Edges of cliffs.

Lomatium orientale J.M. Coult. & Rose. Northern Idaho Biscuitroot.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of mesa, near southwest edge, 1.55 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7696°N, 105.2197°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1975 m. Widespread on mesa-top lava flow derived soils and colluvial soils of upper and lower slopes.

Lomatium orientale J.M. Coult. & Rose. Northern Idaho Biscuitroot.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of mesa, near southwest edge, 1.55 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7696°N, 105.2197°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1975 m. Widespread on mesa-top lava flow derived soils and colluvial soils of upper and lower slopes.

Thlaspi arvense L. Field Penny Cress.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along a social trail above Peery Parkway, adjacent to running water from spring above on upper slopes of North Table Mountain, 1.26 km north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7669°N, 105.22°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1829 m.

Coll. No. 1324, 4 May 2016, characters observed: Annual, tap-rooted, to 50 cm., generally glabrous throughout; Stem, single, or few-branched proximally; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, withered at flowering, cauline, sessile, auriculate, oblong, 30 mm. × 5 mm. wide, reduced distally, toothed; Sepals, 2 mm.; Petals, 3 mm., white; Fruit, petiole 10 mm., ascending, fruit obovate, 10 mm. × 8 mm., wide, margin winged, tip deeply notched.

Thursday, May 5th

Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) DC. Prairie Bluebells.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Wet alluvial slope above Coal Creek, Stevens parcel immediately south of Ranson/Edwards parcel, 3.55 km west southwest of the GNIS location of Rocky Flats 39.8789°N, 105.2703°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1959 m.

Lomatium orientale J.M. Coult. & Rose. Northern Idaho Biscuitroot.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Stevens parcel just south of Ranson/Edwards parcel, about 180 m. northwest of the Plainview Road bridge over Coal Creek, 3.65 km west southwest of the GNIS location of Rocky Flats, 39.8792°N, 105.2717°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1990 m. Gentle east-facing grassy slopes.

Cerastium arvense L. ssp. strictum Gaudin. Field Chickweed.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Stevens parcel immediately south of Ranson/Edwards parcel, 1.5 km south of the GNIS location of Plainvew, and 3.65 km south southwest of Rocky Flats. 39.8805°N, 105.2723°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2013 m. East-facing grassy slopes.

Common early-flowering perennial, to 20 cm.; Leaves, opposite, broadly linear, 15 mm. × 3 mm. wide, stipules absent, tufts of leaves in lower axils; Sepals free; Petals >>sepals, white, notched; Styles (4)5.

Noccaea fendleri (A. Gray) Holub ssp. glauca (A. Nelson) Al-Shehbaz & M. Koch.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Stevens parcel immediately south of Ranson/Edwards parcel, 1.5 km south of the GNIS location of Plainvew, 3.71 km west southwest of the GNIS location of Rocky Flats. 39.8806°N, 105.2731°W. WGS 1984. Elev. 2021 m. East-facing gentle slope. Few plants in the shade of ponderosa pine.

Noccaea fendleri (A. Gray) Holub ssp. glauca (A. Nelson) Al-Shehbaz & M. Koch.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Stevens parcel immediately south of Ranson/Edwards parcel, 1.64 km south southeast of the GNIS location of Plainview, 3.48 km west southwest of the GNIS location of Rocky Flats. 39.8797°N, 105.2699°W. WGS 1984. Elev. 1991 m. Common in shade of ponderosa pines among rocks; flat, disturbed area above Coal Creek, with much broken glass.

Wednesday, May 11th

Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. Crossflower.

Tucker Gulch (lower), Jefferson County, Colorado. Disturbed area between paths, 1.33 km north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7667°N, 105.227°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1753 m. Small colony of this common early spring weed.

Euphorbia esula L. Leafy Spurge.

Tucker Gulch (lower), Jefferson County, Colorado. Disturbed area between paths, 1.33 km north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7666°N, 105.2272°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1776 m. Weed: CO DofA, List: B.

Muscari botryoides (L.) Mill. Common Grape Hyacinth.

Tucker Gulch (lower), Jefferson County, Colorado. Beside Tucker Gulch Trail, about 100 m. north of the First Street bridge, 1.42 km north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7674°N, 105.2273°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1773 m. Naturalized.

Ranunculus repens L. Creeping Buttercup.

Tucker Gulch (lower), Jefferson County, Colorado. 135 m. north of First Street bridge, 1.46 km north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7677°N, 105.2275°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1767 m. In a small slump beside creek.

Coll. No. 1333, 11 May 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, terrestrial of wet habitat, not alpine, appressed to spreading hairy throughout; Leaves, basal, petiole to 26 cm., 8 cm. × 10 cm. wide, ternately compound, divided once again, then lobed, cauline, distributed along stem, alternate, compound; Flowers, radially symmetric, Sepals, spreading (not reflexed), 9 mm., long straight hairy; Petals, #5, 16 mm. × 12 mm. wide, yellow, not spurred, nectary scale free ≥½ length; Pistils many; Style absent; Achenes, (immature) 1.5 mm., beak straight to slightly curved.

Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. Creeping Meadow Foxtail.

Tucker Gulch (lower), Jefferson County, Colorado. 135 m. north of First Street bridge, 1.46 km north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7677°N, 105.2274°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1766 m. Growing adjacent to running water in creek.

Coll. No. 1334, 11 May 2016, characters observed: Perennial, to 90 cm., rhizomatous; Leaves, Sheath, open, 10 cm.; Ligule, membraneous, 2 mm.; Auricles, 0; Blade, flat, 10 cm., glabrous, finely scabrous on margins; Inflorescence, spike-like, 80 mm. × 12 mm. wide, contracted panicle of up to 4 branches, spikelets many; Rachis, glabrous; Compression, lateral; Spikelets, similar, 1 per node, 1-flowered; Florets, 1 per spikelet; Glumes, #2, 4.5 mm., ±equal, keeled ciliate, veins 3, awns 0, apex acute, apices divergent; Lemma, 4 mm., < glumes, membraneous, keeled, glabrous, veins parallel, apex truncate to obtuse, awns #1, 1-2 mm., straight, attached middle; Palea, absent; Stamens, #3.

Not collected, no fruit.

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. Shepherd's Purse.

Tucker Gulch (lower), Jefferson County, Colorado. 230 m. north of the First Street bridge, 1.55 km north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7685°N, 105.228°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1779 m. Common “weed” beside Tucker Gulch Trail.

Coll. No. 1336, 11 May 2016, characters observed: Annual, scapose, to 27 cm., hairs, sessile, stellate, 3-4 points, throughout; Leaves, basal, oblanceolate, 55 mm. × 16 mm. wide, deeply lobed, but not all the way to mid-rib; cauline, 4-5 stem leaves, lanceolate, 25 mm. × 10 mm. wide, base sagittate; Flowers, small, petals white; Fruit, obcordate, 4 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide.

The single species in this genus; described by some as the second-most common weed on Earth.

Coll. No. 1337, Erigeron tracyi

Erigeron tracyi Greene. Running Fleabane.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower south slopes of North Table Mountain, 100 m. east of the end of Peery Parkway, 1.2 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7659°N, 105.2179°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1808 m. Signed as Jefferson County Open Space, parcel owned by City of Golden.

Coll. No. 1337, 11 May 2016, characters observed: Perennial, caudex simple (not stout), Stem, some with prior year's branches assumed to have been stoloniferous; Leaves, petioles, to 26 mm., oblanceolate, 8-12 mm. × 2-5.5 mm. wide, margin entire, short hairy and glandular (especially visible at high magnification), stem leaves not well-developed; Peduncle, spreading to descending multicellular hairs with clear crosswalls, slightly pustular (maybe) or glandular at high magnification; Phyllaries, in 2+ series, 4.5 mm. × 0.7 mm wide, spreading hairy, inner, margin, chartaceous; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, of two kinds; Rays, numerous, 7 mm., ligule, 4 mm. × 0.3-0.6 mm. wide, white-pink fading purple; Disk flowers, yellow; Pappus, ray and disk alike, inner, few capillary bristles, 4 mm., outer, short crown of scales, double pappus not particularly disgnostic in Erigeron.

Populus deltoides Marshall ssp. monilifera (Aiton) Eckenw. Plains Cottonwood.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. South slopes of North Table Mountain, along the road to the Golden Cliffs overflow parking, 1.20 km north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7659°N, 105.2167°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1802 m. Entrance to Jefferson County Open Space, parcel owned by City of Golden.

Thursday, May 12th

Tragopogon dubius Scop. Yellow Salsify.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. On a social trail from the intersection of Easley Road and CO Highway 58, west and upslope to North Table Loop, 1.9 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7692°N, 105.2077°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1800 m. Scattered widely along trail and grassy slopes above and below.

Coll. No. 1340, Prunus virginiana

Prunus virginiana L. Chokecherry.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southeast-draining canyon on the south side of North Table Mountain, 1.85 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7701°N, 105.2106°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1841 m. Mixed shrubs and grass.

FNANM distinguishes two varieties, an eastern var. virginia and a Rocky Mountains and west var. demissa (syn: var. melanocarpa) with plants of the high plains showing intergradation between those of the Rockies and those of the East. Based on measured characters used by FNANM of raceme length, petal length, and leaf shape and dimensions, this specimen is closer to var. virginiana, i. e., the eastern variety than it is to the western variety, i. e., var. demissa (syn: var. melanocarpa).

Coll. No. 1341, Prunus domestica

Prunus domestica L. European Plum.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southeast-draining canyon on the south side of North Table Mountain, near intersection of social trail and North Table Loop, 1.85 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7701°N, 105.2106°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1844 m. Mixed shrubs and grass in a ±flat area.

Coll. No. 1341, 12 May 2016, characters observed; Small tree, to 3 m.; Stem, unarmed; Leaves, alternate, petiole, 3 mm., hairy, 2 glands at base, blade, likely immature, 20 mm. × 8 mm. wide, rhomboid / oblong / lanceolate, simple, bases equal, pinnately veined, margin toothed, hairy, but less on top than bottom; Pedicels, 8-10 mm., hairy below, thining above; Flowers, solitary in axils, perfect; Petals, free, white; Hypanthium, hairy inside; Ovary, superior; Style, 1; Stigma, 2; Fruit, unknown (not an acorn).

Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. ex Aiton. Redstem Stork's Bill.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southeast-draining canyon on the south side of North Table Mountain, near intersection of social trail and North Table Loop, 1.85 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7702°N, 105.2104°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1849 m. Colorado Noxious Weed List C.

Woodsia oregana D.C. Eaton. subsp. cathcartiana (B. L. Robinson) Windham

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southeastern portion of North Table Mountain, near the North Table Loop, where it passes through the top basalt rim of the mountain, 1.8 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7713°N, 105.215°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1928 m. Under an east-facing rock overhang.

Of the three characters that distinguish subsp. cathcartiana from subsp. oregana, two, spore size and adaxial epidermal cell size, require measuring in units of µm, something outside the usual abilities of the field botanist. The third character, regarding the cells on pinnule margins being irregular in shape making the margins appear ragged, can be seen with a good microscope.

Fruit of Coll. No. 1344, Veronica arvensis	Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1344, Veronica arvensis	Coll. No. 1344, Veronica arvensis

Veronica arvensis L. Corn Speedwell.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southeast edge of North Table Mountain where a small stream cuts through the uppermost basalt rim, beside North Table Loop, 1.85 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7715°N, 105.2149°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1922 m. Small wet area at base of rocks.

Coll. No, 1344, 12 May 2016, characters observed: Annual, to 6 cm., lightly glandular hairy throughout; Stem erect; Leaves, opposite, ±sessile, 6 mm. × 4.5 mm. wide, oval; Pedicel, in flower, 0.8 mm., in fruit, 1.5 mm.; Bracts, 4 mm × 1.3 mm. wide, lanceolate; Flower, appear solitary in upper leaf axils, limb 4.5 mm.; Corolla, blue; Style, in flower, 0.6 mm., in fruit, 0.5 mm.; Fruit, 2 mm. × 2.5 mm., notched 0.4 mm., flattened.

Differentiated from Veronica persica, V. biloba, and V. polita by: short pedicels, short styles, and reduced depth of the notch in the capsule. Differentiated from V. peregrina var. xalapensis (which has also been collected on top of North Table Mountain) by the relatively short inflorescence, blue color of the flowers, and broadness of the leaves.

Physaria vitulifera Rydb. Roundtip Twinpod.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southeast base of North Table Mountain, along the neighborhood access trail, 195 m. northwest of the trailhead at the corner of Ridge Road and Ulysses Way, 2.9 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7744°N, 105.1975°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1767 m. Open grassland on south-facing slope.

Coll. No. 1345, 12 May 2016, characters observed: Perennial, caespitose, stellate hairy throughout, flowering branches to 15 cm.; Leaves, basal, petiole 10 mm. + blade 23 mm. × 8 mm. wide, elliptic, weakly pinnately lobed, otherwise entire, cauline, alternate, 13 mm. × 4 mm. wide, oblancelate, entire; Pedicel, 5 mm., ascending, becoming s-shaped in fruit; Sepals, #4, 5 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, lanceolate; Flowers, Petals, #4, 10 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, color yellow; Stamens, #6; Style, #1, 4 mm., persistent; Fruit, didymous, 4.5 mm., round, hairy; Ovules, 4 per ovary.

Lappula occidentalis (S. Watson) Greene var. cupulata (A. Gray) Higgins. (Syn: L. redowskii (Hornem.) Greene var. cupulata (A. Gray) M. E. Jones) Crowned Stickseed.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southeast base of North Table Mountain, along the neighborhood access trail, 195 m. northwest of the trailhead at the corner of Ridge Road and Ulysses Way, 2.9 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7744°N, 105.1975°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1758 m. Open grassland on south-facing slope.

I am familiar with naming this plant L. redowskii (Hornem.) Greene var. cupulata (A. Gray) M. E. Jones, having collected it just south of Coyote Summit in the Silver Peak Range, of Esmeralda County, Nevada (26 May 2004, UCR248660).

The Jepson Manual of California (Baldwin, et al., 2012) uses this name as well.

However, I was surprised to see L. occidentalis (S. Watson) Greene var. cupulata (A. Gray) Higgins applied to this plant in Ackerfield (2015). Weber & Wittmann (2012) do not list varieties of L. redowskii. This name was proposed by Larry Higgins in his (1972) “The Boraginaceae of Utah.” Higgins made no comment his separation of the taxon from L. redowskii, stating only that L. occidentalis is not the L. redowskii of European authors.

Welsh, et al., 1993 in their Flora of Utah explained their reasoning:

Whether the name L. redowskii (Hornem.) Greene [Myosotis redowskii Hornem.] applies to plants from north America is open to question. One is referred to a discussion by Hulten (1967. Arkiv For Botanik. Bd. 7 nr. 1:113) for one interpretation of the problem, outlining the course followed herein. Solution of the problem rests on whether the European material is conspecific with the American phases of an interrupted circumboreal representation. Most certainly the names used here apply to our material.

Rolfsmeier (2013) proposed Lappula occidentalis var. stricta (S. Watson) Rolfsmeier comb. nov. and placed var. cupulata (A. Gray) Higgins in synonomy with it.

Friday, May 20th

Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richardson var. divaricarpa (A. Nelson) Isely. Prairie Thermopsis.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower part of Cottonwood Canyon, 285 m. northwest of Neighborhood Access trailhead at Ridge Road and Ulysses Way, 2.89 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.775°N, 105.1987°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1773 m. Fruit ascending to spreading. Large patch in meadow, visited by large bumblebees.

Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richardson var. divaricarpa (A. Nelson) Isely. Prairie Thermopsis.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower part of Cottonwood Canyon, 285 m. northwest of Neighborhood Access trailhead at Ridge Road and Ulysses Way, 2.89 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7747°N, 105.199°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1764 m. Fruit ascending to spreading. Large patch in meadow, visited by large bumblebees. On the other side of the creek from my Coll. No. 1347 of the same taxon.

Cercocarpus montanus Raf. Alder-Leaf Mountain Mahogany.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower Cottonwood Canyon on southeast side of North Table Mountain, about 295 m. northwest of the Neighborhood Access trailhead at the corner of Ridge Road and Ulysses Way, 2.9 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.775°N, 105.1989°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1776 m.

Rubus deliciosus Torr. Delicious raspberry.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower Cottonwood Canyon on southeast side of North Table Mountain, about 310 m. northwest of the Neighborhood Access trailhead at the corner of Ridge Road and Ulysses Way, 2.9 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7751°N, 105.1988°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1773 m.

Populus deltoides Marshall ssp. monilifera (Aiton) Eckenw. Plains Cottonwood.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower Cottonwood Canyon on southeast side of North Table Mountain, about 400 m. northwest of the Neighborhood Access trailhead at the corner of Ridge Road and Ulysses Way, 2.9 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7759°N, 105.1994°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1782 m. Group of 8-10 trees together on both sides of creek.

Scutellaria brittonii Porter. Britton's Skullcap.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower Cottonwood Canyon on southeast side of North Table Mountain, about 260 m. northwest of the Neighborhood Access trailhead at the corner of Ridge Road and Ulysses Way, 2.9 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7748°N, 105.1981°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1773 m. Moderate slope above rock outcrop.

Allium textile A. Nelson & J.F. Macbr. Textile Onion.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower Cottonwood Canyon on southeast side of North Table Mountain, about 250 m. northwest of the Neighborhood Access trailhead at the corner of Ridge Road and Ulysses Way, 2.9 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7747°N, 105.1979°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1775 m. Moderate slope above rock outcrop.

Prunus pensylvanica L. f. Pin Cherry.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower Cottonwood Canyon on southeast side of North Table Mountain, about 130 m. northwest of the Neighborhood Access trailhead at the corner of Ridge Road and Ulysses Way, 2.9 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7739°N, 105.1974°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1755 m. Trail-side, in an area with old concrete foundations, as though planted.

Coll. No. 1354, 20 May 2016, characters observed: Small tree, to 3 m., branches unarmed; Leaves, petiole, 12 mm., very short hairy, blade, elliptic, 25 mm. × 20 mm. wide, margin, toothed, gland-tipped, veins of young leaves hairy abaxially; Flowers, clusters of 7-8 on pedicels to 14 mm.; Sepals, glabrous, few (2) glands on margins; Hypanthium, glabrous inside; Petals, 5-7 mm., white; Stamens, #12-15; Ovary, superior, glabrous; Style, #1, 4 mm., emerges from top of ovary; Fruit, unknown.

Saturday, May 21st

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Sprengel. Bearberry.

Tin Cup Ridge, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the top of “Tin Cup Ridge,” the northward extension of Dinosaur Ridge into Golden, 5.5 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden 39.708°N, 105.2027°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1963 m. Sterile. Small patch growing in and around rocks.

Lomatium orientale J.M. Coult. & Rose. Northern Idaho Biscuitroot.

Tin Cup Ridge, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the top of “Tin Cup Ridge,” the northward extension of Dinosaur Ridge into Golden, 5.5 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden 39.708°N, 105.2027°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1963 m. Thin soils between layers of upturned strata.

Harbouria trachypleura (A. Gray) J.M. Coult. & Rose. Whiskbroom Parsley.

Tin Cup Ridge, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the top of “Tin Cup Ridge,” the northward extension of Dinosaur Ridge into Golden, 5.5 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7079°N, 105.2028°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1964 m. Open, rocky ridge with Cercocarpus and ponderosa pine.

Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) DC. Prairie Bluebells.

Tin Cup Ridge, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the top of “Tin Cup Ridge,” the northward extension of Dinosaur Ridge into Golden, 5.5 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7079°N, 105.2027°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1968 m. Mostly around base of juniper and mountain mahogany at this location.

Cercocarpus montanus Raf. Alder-Leaf Mountain Mahogany.

Tin Cup Ridge, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the top of “Tin Cup Ridge,” the northward extension of Dinosaur Ridge into Golden, 5.5 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7079°N, 105.2027°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1968 m.

Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richardson var. divaricarpa (A. Nelson) Isely. Prairie Thermopsis.

Tin Cup Ridge, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the top of “Tin Cup Ridge,” the northward extension of Dinosaur Ridge into Golden, 5.4 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7085°N, 105.2028°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1959 m. No fruit, large leaflets.

Juniperus communis L. var. depressa. Common Juniper.

Tin Cup Ridge, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the top of “Tin Cup Ridge,” the northward extension of Dinosaur Ridge into Golden, 5.4 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7085°N, 105.2029°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1956 m.

Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz. Twolobe Larkspur.

Tin Cup Ridge, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the top of “Tin Cup Ridge,” the northward extension of Dinosaur Ridge into Golden, 5.3 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7095°N, 105.2031°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1950 M. Scattered between and inside shrubs.

Rubus deliciosus Torr. Delicious raspberry.

Tin Cup Ridge, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the top of “Tin Cup Ridge,” the northward extension of Dinosaur Ridge into Golden, 5.3 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7095°N, 105.2031°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1952 m.

Potentilla fissa Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray. Bigflower Cinquefoil.

Tin Cup Ridge, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the top of “Tin Cup Ridge,” the northward extension of Dinosaur Ridge into Golden, 5.2 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.711°N, 105.2038°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1935 m. Just beginning to bloom. West-facing grassy slopes.

Coll. No. 1364, 21 May 2016, characters observed: Perennial, herb, caespitose, to 20 cm., terrestrial, not stoloniferous, glandular-hairy throughout; Leaves, basal, 12.5 cm. × 2.6 cm. wide, pinnately compound, leaflets, #11; cauline, reduced in size and number of leaflets, 4 cm. × 2 cm. wide, leaflets, #7; Inflorescence, congested cyme, with 5-7 flowers; Flowers, calyx, lobes, #5, 11 mm. × 4.5 mm. wide, fused at base, bractlets, 5 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide; Receptacle, hairy, <1 mm., Petals, 9 mm. × 7.5 mm. wide, color yellow; Stamens, many; Ovaries, many; Styles, widest at middle, attached laterally below top of ovary.

Tuesday, May 24th

Thlaspi arvense L. Field Penny Cress.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower west-facing slopes of North Table Mountain, off the North Table Loop, 500 m. north of the trailhead off CO Highway 93, 3.5 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.787°N, 105.2275°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1833 m. Gentle grassy slope.

Lepidium draba L. White Top.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower west-facing slopes of North Table Mountain, off the North Table Loop, 500 m. north of the trailhead off CO Highway 93, 3.5 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7869°N, 105.2275°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1833 m. Multiple colonies spread around gentle grassy slopes. Weed: CO DofA, List: B.

Coll. No. 1366, 24 May 2016, characters observed: Perennial, herb, to 45 cm., spreading by rhizomes, hairs simple; Leaves, basal, not seen, cauline, sessile, base auriculate, 36 mm. × 12 mm. wide, oblanceolate, margin irregularly toothed, reduced above; Flowers, petals, white; Style, immature, 1 mm.; Fruit, silicle, immature, 1.3-1.5 mm. × 0.5-1.0 mm. wide, flattened, wings 0, glabrous, reticulate-veined.

Alyssum simplex Rudolphi. European Madwort.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower west-facing slopes of North Table Mountain, off the North Table Loop, 500 m. north of the trailhead off CO Highway 93, 3.5 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.787°N, 105.2274°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1834 m. Larger plants here amidst grasses, mostly smooth brome.

Coll. No. 1367, 24 May 2016, characters observed: Annual, to 30 cm., stellate hairs throughout; Leaves, basal, withered at flowering, appear compound, cauline, alternate, oblanceolate, 17 mm. × 4 mm. wide, margin entire, tip acute; Pedicels, in fruit, 4.5 mm.; Sepals, 2 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, deciduous in fruit; Flowers, petals, yellow; Stamens, 2.5 mm.; Filaments, 2.0 mm., winged, 1.5 mm.; Fruit, silique, 5 mm. × 5.6 mm. wide, orbicular, flattened.

Androsace occidentalis Pursh. Western Rockjasmine.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower west-facing slopes of North Table Mountain, off the North Table Loop, 500 m. north of the trailhead off CO Highway 93, 3.5 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.787°N, 105.2274°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1836 m. Tiny annual, hidden in the grass.

Rhus trilobata Nutt. var. trilobata. Skunkbush Sumac.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower west-facing slopes of North Table Mountain, off the North Table Loop, 500 m. north of the trailhead off CO Highway 93, 3.5 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.787°N, 105.2272°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1838 m. Shrub on small ridge.

Nomenclature of Rhus

Welsh, et al. (1993) used Rhus aromatica Aiton var. trilobata (Nutt.) A. Gray (Syn: Rhus trilobata Nutt. ex T. & G.).

An early study of the Rhus complex phylogeny and biogeography by Miller, et al. (2001) showed that the Madro-Tertiary floristic element (subgenus Lobadium) had a single origin within the Arcto-Tertiary floristic element (subgenus Rhus).

Yi, et al. (2004) reported phylogenetic and biogeographis diversication of Rhus in the Northern Hemisphere ..

Anderson (2006) used Rhus aromatica Aiton var. trilobata (Nutt.) A. Gray (Syn: Rhus trilobata Nutt.). SEINet (accessed 22 Nov 2016) cites this article and the SEINet taxon tree follow this nomenclature.

Yi, et al. (2007 published a phylogeny of Rhus based on sequences of Nuclear nia-i3 intron and Chloroplast TrnC-trnD finding that Rhus is monophyletic and that incongruence among nuclear and chloroplast datasets, together with the phylogenetic positions, sympatric distributions, and morphological intermediacy of discordant taxa, suggest possible reticulate evolution among members of Rhus.

Baldwin, et al. (2012) propose Rhus aromatica Aiton (Syn: R. trilobata Nutt.), without infraspecific taxa.

Weber & Wittmann (2012) used Rhus aromatica Aiton subsp. trilobata (Nuttall) W. A. Weber (Syn: Rhus trilobata.)

Ackerfield (2015) uses Rhus trilobata Nutt. (Syn: Rhus aromatica Aiton) var. trilobata.

Andres-Hernandez, et al. (2014) combined structural and trnL-F and internal transcribed spacer sequences … this one is $38.

The Plant List (accessed 22 Nov 2016) states that Rhus aromatica Aiton is an accepted name with publication details Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 1: 367. 1789 [7 Aug-1 Oct 1789] (as "aromaticum")

The Plant List (accessed 22 Nov 2016) also states that Rhus trilobata Nuttall is an accepted name with publication details Fl. N. Amer. (Torr. & A. Gray) 1(2): 219. 1838 [Oct 1838] . In that publication Torrey & Gray (1838) recognize Rhus aromatica Aiton as a separate taxon in the same section.

Sunday, May 29th

Northern portion of park.	A few cows to keep the weeds down.

Iris missouriensis Nutt. Western Blue Flag.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.7 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, then 1.4 mi. north on Plainview Road. 39.894°N, 105.2628°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1934 m. Moist east-facing slope with deep grass.

Arnica fulgens Pursh. Foothill Arnica.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.7 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, then 1.4 mi. north on Plainview Road. 15.8 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8941°N, 105.2629°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1941 m. Cauline leaves opposite. Moist east-facing slope with deep grass.

Perennial herb of wetlands or moist areas, to 35 cm., glandular hairy throughout; Leaves, mostly basal and few cauline, basal, axils with 5 mm. brown wavy hair, petiole 70 mm. + blade 60 mm. × 12 mm. wide, 5 × longer than wide, cauline, opposite, sessile, ±2 pair, much reduced; Inflorescence, single heads on peduncle to 80 mm., flowers of two kinds; Involucre, 13 mm. × 22 mm. wide; Phyllaries, 2 ±equal series, 11-12 mm.× 3 mm. wide, green with dark tips; Receptacle epaleate; Rays, #12, fertile, tube 3 mm. + blade 16 mm. × 7 mm. wide = 19 mm., corolla yellow; Disc flowers, tube 7 mm. + lobes ≤1 mm. = 8 mm.; Pappus, bristles, 9 mm., white; Anther, yellow; Achene, 5 mm., short hairy. Described from Coll. No. 1119, 28 May 2015, and Coll. No. 1371, 29 May 2016. Subtribe Arnicinae is a sister subtribe to Madiinae (tarweeds) and Hulseinae, which contains both Hulsea and Eatonella, both common in the Mono Lake basin. Described by Pursh in Fl. Am. Sept. 2: 527 “On the banks of the Missouri,” but this is not a Lewis & Clark collection. Perhaps it is a Nuttall collection from 1811.

Orobanche uniflora L. Naked Broomrape.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.7 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, then 1.4 mi. north on Plainview Road. 15.8 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8947°N, 105.2627°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1939 m. Calyx lobes ±= tube when fresh, lobes > tube when dry, corolla white with bluish-purple.

Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. ssp. pallida (A. DC.) Piehl. Pale Bastard Toadflax.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.7 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, then 1.4 mi. north on Plainview Road. 15.8 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8947°N, 105.2627°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1939 m.

Eremogone fendleri (A. Gray) Ikonnikov. Fendler's Sandwort.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 15.8 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden, 1.7 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.4 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 310 m. north of Plainview Road. 39.895°N, 105.2628°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1941 m.

Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt. ex Pursh) Nutt. ex Richardson var. divaricarpa (A. Nelson) Isely. Prairie Thermopsis.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 15.8 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden, 1.7 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.4 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 335 m. north of Plainview Road. 39.8951°N, 105.263°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1940 m. Small ridge between two watercourses.

Draba reptans (Lam.) Fernald. Carolina Whitlow Grass.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 15.8 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden, 1.7 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.4 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 340 m. north of Plainview Road. 39.8953°N, 105.2628°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1939 m. Growing among short grasses and forbs.

Coll. No. 1376, 29 May 2016, characters observed: Annual, from slender taproot, to 10 cm.; Leaves, basal, withered in fruit, entire, cauline, 0-1 pair per stem, 6 mm. × 2 mm. wide, entire, hairs branched; Pedicels, glabrous; Flowers, petals, color unknown; Fruit, distributed in upper ⅕-⅓ of rachis.

Physaria montana (A. Gray) Greene. Mountain Bladderpod.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 15.8 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden, 1.7 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.4 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 340 m. north of Plainview Road. 39.8953°N, 105.2627°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1941 m. Among short grasses and forbs on a drier, gravelly alluvial ridge.

Lappula occidentalis (S. Watson) Greene var. cupulata (A. Gray) Higgins. Crowned Stickseed.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 15.8 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden, 1.7 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.4 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 340 m. north of Plainview Road. 39.8953°N, 105.2627°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1940 m. Short stature compared to those typically seen. Among short grasses and forbs on a drier, gravelly alluvial ridge.

Castilleja integra A. Gray. Wholeleaf Indian Paintbrush.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 15.8 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden, 1.7 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.4 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 410 m. north of Plainview Road. 39.896°N, 105.2627°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1937 m.

Harbouria trachypleura (A. Gray) J.M. Coult. & Rose. Whiskbroom Parsley.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 15.8 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden, 1.7 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.4 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 620 m. north of Plainview Road. 39.898°N, 105.2612°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1927 m. On break in slope above reservoir.

Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz. Twolobe Larkspur.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 15.8 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden, 1.7 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.4 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 620 m. north of Plainview Road. 39.898°N, 105.2611°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1924 m. Upper northwest-facing slope above reservoir.

Wednesday, June 1st

Lithospermum incisum Lehm. Narrowleaf Stoneseed.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northwest base of North Table Mountain, about 150 m. upslope of the North Table Loop, 3.5 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7871°N, 105.2261°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1811 m. Uncommon; widely distributed but not often seen. Northwest-facing slope, a little drier than surrounding area.

Linum perenne L. Blue Flax.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northwest base of North Table Mountain, about 110 m. upslope of the North Table Loop, 3.5 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.787°N, 105.2259°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1845 m. Flowers consistently heterostylous, styles > stamens. On the edge of a small hill.

Definitely Linum, maybe L. perenne because the styles are consistently longer than the stamens, which, in Weber & Wittmann (2012), would put us in L. perenne rather than L. lewisii. The key in Ackerfield (2015) does not discriminate between the two taxa based upon characters that can be observed with this collection.

Astragalus flexuosus G. Don. Flexible Milkvetch.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northwest base of North Table Mountain, about 120 m. upslope of the North Table Loop, 3.5 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.787°N, 105.2259°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1850 m. Small purple flowers, on pedicels arising from axils. In grass and forbs on a small ridge.

Oxytropis lambertii Pursh. Purple Locoweed.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northwest base of North Table Mountain, about 120 m. upslope of the North Table Loop, 3.5 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7869°N, 105.2261°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1849 m. Large magenta flowers, on peduncle arising from base.

Coll. No. 1385, 1 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, acaulescent, mostly dolabriform hairs (one arm much shorter than the other); Leaves, basal, pinnately compound, leaflets #17, terminal leaflet present; Inflorescence, raceme, peduncle 30 cm., pedicels very short; Bracts, 7 mm. × 1.6 mm. wide, green, lanceolate; Calyx, tube 7 mm. + lobes 4 mm. = 11 mm.; Flower, zygomorphic, various shades of magenta to purple, banner, 17 mm., wings, 16 mm., keel, 13 mm., blades united enclosing stamens, recurved beak; Stamens, #10, diadelphous.

Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. Clustered Broomrape.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Small canyon draining the northwest side of North Table Mountain, about 160 m. upslope of the North Table Loop, 3.5 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.787°N, 105.2244°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1864 m. 19 flowers in 3 clusters, calyx lobes = tube, tan color. Rare, southwest facing slope.

In O. fasciculata the calyx has a slightly reddish tint to it, something not noticed in O. uniflora.

Vicia americana Willd. var. americana. American Vetch.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Small canyon draining the northwest side of North Table Mountain, about 160 m. upslope of the North Table Loop, 3.5 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.787°N, 105.2244°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1863 m. Vetch, leaves with forked terminal tendril.

Coll. No. 1387, 1 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 30 cm.; Stem, not winged; Leaves, stipules, 3 mm. × 10 mm. wide, lobed, not connate, nectary 0; cauline, compound, odd-pinnate, leaflets #8, + forked tendril; Inflorescence, raceme, 4-5 flowered, pedicel 17 mm.; Flowers, zygomorphic, 20 mm.; Style, round, ring of hairs below stigma; Legume, stipe 5 mm. + body 20 mm. × 3 mm. wide + persistent style 2 mm.

Key characters:

• Terminal leaflet modified to tendril.
• Large leaf-like stipules.
• Ring of hairs around round style.

Euphorbia spathulata Lam. Warty Spurge, Spoonleaf Spurge. North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northwest side of North Table Mountain, southwest-facing slope above canyon, about 75 m. west of the underground water tank and 160 m. west of the Mesa Top Trail, 3.5 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.787°N, 105.223°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1893 m. Not listed as a noxious weed.

Coll. No. 1388, 1 June 2016, characters observed: Annual, tap-rooted, to 25 cm., glabrous throughout; Leaves, cauline alternate, 26 mm. × 9 mm. wide, spatulate, toothed; Inflorescence, umbellate, flower a cyathium; Capsules, 2.5 mm. × 2.8 mm. wide, warty-tuberculate.

Dactylis glomerata L. Orchard Grass.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northwest side of North Table Mountain, southwest-facing slope above canyon, on the edge of the disturbed construction area for the underground water tank and 120 m. west of the Mesa Top Trail, 3.5 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7869°N, 105.2225°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1890 m.

Vicia americana Willd. var. americana. American Vetch.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northwest side of North Table Mountain, southwest-facing slope above canyon, on the edge of the disturbed construction area for the underground water tank and 80 m. west of the Mesa Top Trail, 3.5 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7868°N, 105.222°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1882 m. Same as Coll. No. 1387.

Ellisia nyctelea (L.) L. Aunt Lucy.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northwest side of North Table Mountain, in the road to the underground water tank 30 m. northeast of the tank and 60 m. west of the Mesa Top Trail, 3.5 km north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7869°N, 105.2218°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1875 m. Hidden in short mown grasses.

Thursday, June 2nd

Tiny Mousetails (Myosurus minimus) on top of North Table Mountain.

Sunday, June 5th

Wednesday, June 9th

Penstemon secundiflorus Benth. Sidebells Penstemon.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest side of North Table Mountain, along City of Golden North Table Mountain Trail, 2.6 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7785°N, 105.2271°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1866 m. West-facing slope with mixed grasses and forbs.

Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. Dalmatian ToadFlax.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest side of North Table Mountain, along City of Golden North Table Mountain Trail, 2.6 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7785°N, 105.2271°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1870 m. West-facing slope with mixed grasses and forbs. Colorado Noxious Weed List B.

Vicia americana Willd. var. minor Hook. American Vetch.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest side of North Table Mountain, along City of Golden North Table Mountain Trail, 2.5 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7776°N, 105.2262°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1883 m. In grass and small shrubs below the trail.

Coll. No. 1394, 1 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 30 cm.; Stem, not winged; Leaves, stipules, 4 mm. × 15 mm. wide, reduced above, lobed, not connate, nectary 0; cauline, compound, odd-pinnate, leaflets #6-8, + simple tendril; Inflorescence, raceme, 4-5 flowered, pedicel 17 mm.; Flowers, zygomorphic, 14 mm., smaller than var. americana; petals, ±white, banner pink at point of inflection; Style, round, abaxially hairy below stigma; Legume, stipe ? mm. (indistinct) + body 32 mm. × 4 mm. wide + persistent style 2 mm.

Galium aparine L. Sticky Willy, Cleavers.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest side of North Table Mountain, along City of Golden North Table Mountain Trail, 2.5 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7774°N, 105.2259°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1890 m. Shade of large shrubs in ravine.

Coll. No. 1395, 8 June 2016, characters observed: Annual/perennial unknown, weak-stemmed and scrambling through shrubs and grass; Stem, retrorsely scabrous on angles (but not densely so); Leaves, whorls of 6-8 (more leaves above, fewer below), 46 mm. × 4 mm. wide, oblanceolate, margins retrorsely scabrous, tips with a short spine; Flowers, corolla, greenish-white, lobes 1 mm.; Fruit, 1.3 mm., covered with hooked hairs.

Physocarpus monogynus (Torr.) J.M. Coult. Mountain Ninebark.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest side of North Table Mountain, along City of Golden North Table Mountain Trail, 2.5 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7773°N, 105.226°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1889 m. Moist shady west-facing ravine.

Physocarpus monogynus (Torr.) J.M. Coult. Mountain Ninebark.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest side of North Table Mountain, along City of Golden North Table Mountain Trail, 2.5 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7773°N, 105.226°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1889 m. Moist shady west-facing ravine.

Coll. No. 1397, 8 June 2016, characters observed: Shrub, height unknown (growing in ravine); Leaves, alternate, simple, hairs stellate, petiole, 10 mm., blade, 30 mm. × 33 mm. wide, ovate, palmate-veined, doubly crenate; Inflorescence, umbellate corymb, ±20-flowered; Pedicels, 8-12 mm.; Flowers, limb, 12 mm., petals, 4.5 mm., color cream; Styles, 2.

Astragalus agrestis Douglas ex G. Don. Purple Milkvetch.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest side of North Table Mountain, along City of Golden North Table Mountain Trail, 2.3 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7758°N, 105.2261°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1906 m. Trailside, in grasses, in flat area likely created by a landslide.

Coll. No. 1398, 8 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 15 cm., caulescent, basifixed straight appressed hairy throughout; Leaves, cauline, alternate, stipules, 5 mm., connate opposite petiole, compound, odd-pinnate, leaflets, #13, 8 mm. × 2 mm. wide, straight hairy, tip round; Inflorescence, upright ovoid cluster; Calyx, tube 4.5 mm. + lobes 3.5 mm. = 8 mm., mix of white and black hairs; Flowers, zygomorphic, 11 mm., blue-purple; Style, 7 mm., persistent; Legume, immature, 5 mm. × 1.7 mm. wide, stipe very short (0.4 mm.?), dense long straight soft hairy.

Scorzonera laciniata L. Cutleaf Vipergrass.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest side of North Table Mountain, along City of Golden North Table Mountain Trail, 2.2 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7749°N, 105.2262°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1902 m. Disturbed trailside with grasses and Tragopogon dubius.

Coll. No. 1399, 8 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm., Leaves, basal and cauline, 7-20 cm., pinnately dissected into near-linear lobes, reduced but still well-developed above; Inflorescence, few heads on long stems; Phyllaries, in ±3 series, graduated, 4-13 mm. × 1.5-9 mm. wide, margins chartaceous, tips dark; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, ligulate (1 kind, 5-lobed), corolla yellow; Pappus of plumose bristles.

Astragalus laxmannii Jacq. var. robustior (Hook.) Barneby & S. L. Welsh. Prairie Milkvetch.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest side of North Table Mountain, along City of Golden North Table Mountain Trail, 1.9 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7727°N, 105.225°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1912 m. In grasses and forbs trailside.

Coll. No. 1400, 8 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm., caulescent, hairs dolabriform; Leaves, cauline, compound, leaflets, #17, 17 mm. × 5 mm. wide, elliptic, tip cuspidate, terminal leaflet jointed to rachis; Calyx, tube 6 mm. + lobes 5 mm. = 11 mm.; Flowers, 14 mm., whitish; Legume, more erect than flower.

This is a mixed collection of E. umbellatum and E. flavum. See also Coll. No. 1445.

Eriogonum arcuatum Greene.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, southwest edge, within a few meters of the rim of the mesa, 1.7 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7706°N, 105.2213°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1962 m. Growing in thin soils and cracks on top of the uppermost basalt flow. Compare this collection to Coll. No. 1401.2, 1445.1, and 1445.2.

Coll. No. 1401.1, 8 Jun 2015, characters observed: Perennial, caespitose, to 10 cm.; Leaves, basal, elliptic, petiole 10 mm. + blade 30 mm. × 12 mm. wide, adaxial greenish floccose, abaxial tomentose; Flowering stems, without a whorl of bracts mid-stem; Inflorescence, umbellate (simple, not compound); Involucre, sessile (not peduncled), 4.5 mm., hairy, teeth, very short; Flowers, (obscurely) attenuate at base; Perianth, 4.5-6.0 mm., bright yellow, hairy.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, southwest edge, within a few meters of the rim of the mesa, 1.7 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7706°N, 105.2213°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1962 m. Growing in thin soils and cracks on top of the uppermost basalt flow. Compare this collection to Coll. No. 1401.1, 1445.1, and 1445.2.

Astragalus agrestis Douglas ex G. Don. Purple Milkvetch.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, southwest sector, 1.75 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7713°N, 105.2211°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1962 m. Growing in short grasses, near head of drainage where a little more soil has developed. Between North Table Loop and Golden Cliffs Trail, near their intersection.

Cryptantha virgata (Porter) Payson. Miner"s Candle.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest portion of the top of North Table Mountain, across the North Table Loop from a large basalt quarry, 2.2 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7751°N, 105.222°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1978 m. On top of the flat surface of a spoils pile from the basalt quarry to the west.

Townsendia grandiflora Nutt. Largeflower Townsend Daisy.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest portion of the top of North Table Mountain, across the North Table Loop from a large basalt quarry, 2.2 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7752°N, 105.2223°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1979 m. On top of the flat surface of a spoils pile from the basalt quarry to the west.

Astragalus shortianus Torr. & A.Gray. Short's Milkvetch.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest portion of the top of North Table Mountain, across the North Table Loop from a large basalt quarry, 2.2 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7752°N, 105.2223°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1976 m. Only plant seen, no flowers, collected two leaves and two pods. On top of the flat surface of a spoils pile from the basalt quarry to the west. Plant fragments which are consistent with A. shortianus.

Lithospermum incisum Lehm. Narrowleaf Stoneseed.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest portion of the top of North Table Mountain, across the North Table Loop from a large basalt quarry, 2.2 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7753°N, 105.2222°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1978 m. On top of the flat surface of a spoils pile from the basalt quarry to the west. Uncommon, very widespread, but seldom seen, and never in large numbers.

Oenothera cespitosa Nutt. ssp. macroglottis (Rydb.) W.L. Wagner. Tufted Evening Primrose.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest portion of the top of North Table Mountain, across the North Table Loop from a large basalt quarry, 2.2 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7755°N, 105.2223°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1981 m. On the bank of a spoils pile from the basalt quarry, west-facing slopes. Most petals dried pink, a few remained yellowish.

Coll. No. 1407, 8 Jun 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 20 cm., glabrous, except as noted; Stem, short, to 4 cm., but definitely there; Leaves, petiole, 90 mm., blade, 90 mm. × 28 mm. wide, oblanceolate, margin toothed, straight hairy; Buds, sparsely hairy on veins; Flowers, solitary in axils, floral tube 100 mm., petals, 37 mm., yellowish, most drying purplish; Stigma, 4-lobed; Capsule, 27 mm. × 5 mm. wide, valve ridges not tuberculate.

The leaves are toothed and not deeply lobed or deeply toothed, and there are no tubercules on the valve ridges of the capsules. Therefore, I am using var. macroglottis rather than var. marginata.

Friday, June 10th

Harbouria trachypleura (A. Gray) J.M. Coult. & Rose. Whiskbroom Parsley.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, then 2.4 mi. northerly on Plainview Road, then 40 m. or so south of the road. 16 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8943°N, 105.2737°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2009 m. Among grasses and ponderosa pines, near top of south-facing slope.

Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. umbellatum. Sulphur-Flower Buckwheat.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, then 2.4 mi. northerly on Plainview Road, then 40 m. or so south of the road. 16 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8943°N, 105.2737°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2036 m. Among grasses and ponderosa pines, near top of south-facing slope.

Galium aparine L. Sticky Willy, Cleavers.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, then 2.4 mi. northerly on Plainview Road, then 100 m. south of the road to the other side of the drainage. 16 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8937°N, 105.2734°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2032 m. North-facing grassy slope with ponderosa pines.

Eremogone fendleri (A. Gray) Ikonnikov. Fendler's Sandwort.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.6 mi. northerly on Plainview Road, then 470 m. southwest of the road upslope. 16 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8897°N, 105.2693°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2020 m. Mixed short grasses and forbs.

Erysimum capitatum (Hook.) Greene. Sanddune Wallflower.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. 1.6 mi. west on CO 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.6 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 470 m. southwest upslope.15.3 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8896°N, 105.2692°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2016 m. Uncommon. Open gentle slope with grasses and forbs, lightly grazed in 2016.

Coll. No. 1412, 10 Jun 2016, characters observed: Biennial or short-lived perennial, to 33 cm., proximal hairs 2-rayed; Sepals, 9 mm.; Petals, 16-19 mm., orange; Anthers, 3.5-4.0 mm., Fruit, 34 mm. × 0.7 mm., ascending; Seed, unknown.

Weak evidence that this might be var. purshii were infraspecific taxa to be recognized in Colorado (Ackerman, 2015).

Lepidium campestre (L.) W. T. Aiton. Field Pepperweed.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. 1.6 mi. west on CO 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.6 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 470 m. southwest upslope.15.3 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8897°N, 105.2694°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2021 m. Open gentle slope with grasses and forbs, lightly grazed in 2016.

Coll. No. 1413, 10 Jun 2016, characters observed: Annual, tap-rooted, to 35 cm., hairs simple throughout; Leaves, basal, petiole 10 mm. + blade 40 mm. × 12 mm. wide, oblanceolate, margin wavy, tip rounded, cauline, 21 mm. × 7 mm. wide, lanceolate, base auriculate, margin dentate (scalloped, though the term is rarely used); Inflorescence, terminal raceme, 72 mm. × 21 mm. plus several axillary racemes; Sepals, 1.2 mm. × 0.8 mm. wide, green, purple distally, margin chartaceous; Petals, 1.3 mm., white; Style, 1, 0.5 mm., persistent; Fruit, pedicel, horizontal, 5 mm., silicle, 4.5 mm. × 3 mm. wide, margin, winged, 0.2 mm. at middle, 1 mm. at apex.

Astragalus eucosmus B. L. Rob. Elegant Milkvetch.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.6 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 455 m. southwest upslope.15.3 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8903°N, 105.2699°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2023 m. Open gentle slope with grasses and forbs, lightly grazed in 2016.

Coll. No. 1415, 10 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial, caulescent, to 40 cm., hairs basifixed throughout; Stem, not flexuous or zigzag distally, light brown above, purplish at base; Stipules, 6 mm., connate opposite petiole proximally; Leaves, cauline, alternate, compound, leaflets, #15, 15 mm. × 3.3 mm. wide, glabrous adaxially, hairy abaxially; Inflorescence, axillary racemes, flowers, #21; Calyx, tubes 3 mm. + lobes 1 mm. = 4 mm.; Flowers, spreading, 10 mm., ochroleucous proximally, blue distally, banner, 9.5 mm., wings, 8 mm., keel, 6 mm.; Fruit, unknown, immature, developing short stipitate and hairy.

I'm not so sure about my determination on this one. If it holds, it will be the first collection of this taxon from Jefferson County. I have distributed to JCOS, KHD, CS, and COLO, with a note requesting advice if the determination is changed.

Oxytropis lambertii Pursh. Purple Locoweed.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.6 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 450 m. southwest upslope.15.3 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8904°N, 105.2698°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2023 m. Open gentle slope with grasses and forbs, lightly grazed in 2016.

Allium geyeri S. Watson. Geyer's Onion.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.7 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 375 m. southwest upslope.15.7 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8918°N, 105.2709°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2019 m. Open gentle slope with grasses, Arnica fulgens, and a few small ponderosa pines.

Coll. No. 1417, 10 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, geophyte, to 40 cm.; Bulb, 20 mm. × 20 mm. wide, ovoid, outer coat with coarse fibers; Leaves, #2-3, 24 cm. × 1.5 mm. wide, somewhat withered at anthesis; Inflorescence, umbel; Bracts, #3, 14 mm., prominently 1-veined; Flowers, #29, tepals, 7 mm., pink; Seed, unknown.

Dactylis glomerata L. Orchard Grass.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.8 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 350 m. southwest upslope.15.8 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8922°N, 105.2711°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2026 m. In and around a small group of ponderosa pines.

Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. Prairie Junegrass.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.8 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 350 m. southwest upslope.15.8 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8922°N, 105.2711°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2025 m. In and around a small group of ponderosa pines.

Poa pratensis L. Kentucky Bluegrass.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.8 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 350 m. southwest upslope.15.8 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8922°N, 105.2711°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2029 m. In and around a small group of ponderosa pines. Collected with Dactylis glomerata and Koeleria macrantha.

Coll. No. 1420, 10 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial grass, rhizomatous (although of material collected for three vouchers, only one has rhizomes), not strongly flattened, to 75 cm.; Sheath, open about ½; Ligule, membraneous, 0.7 mm.; Auricles, 0; Inflorescence, much-branched open panicle, branches scabrous; Spikelets, one per node, 4 mm., awns 0; Florets, 3 per spikelet, reduced florets above fertile floret, #1 ♀, #2-3 ♂, Rachilla, extends 1 mm. above upper floret, not hairy; Glumes, #2, keeled, scabrous, lower, 2.0-2.3 mm., veins 1, upper, 2.5-3.0 mm., veins 3, prominent; Lemma, 3 mm., veins 5, keeled, tuft of hairs at base, >⅓ lemma; Palea, 2.3 mm., veins 2, green, otherwise translucent.

Erigeron vetensis Rydb. Early Bluetop Fleabane.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.8 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 300 m. southwest upslope.15.8 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8934°N, 105.2715°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2033 m. Small ridge between two drainages, grasses and a few ponderosa pines.

Coll. No. 1421, 10 Jun 2016, characters observed: Perennial, to 12 cm., sparse multicellular hairs with clear crosswalls to 0.8 mm., plus very small (<0.1 mm.) peg-like glands, throughout; Leaves, basal, petiole 45 mm. + blade 65 mm. × 5 mm. wide, narrowly oblanceolate, cauline, reduced in size, #4-5, sessile, 15 mm. × 2.1 mm. wide, oblanceolate; Inflorescence, scapose, 21 cm.; Heads, mostly borne singly; Involucre, 5 mm. × 11 mm. wide; Phyllaries, subequal, in 2 rows, 5 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, margins not ciliate, tip acuminate; Flowers of 2 kinds, Ray flowers, fertile, corolla, 11 mm. × 1.6 mm. wide, ±white, fading blue; Disk flowers, corolla, 4.0 mm., yellow, lobes triangular, style branch appendages triangular; Pappus, short (0.3 mm.) and long (2.2 mm.) capillary bristles; Cypsela, 1.5-1.6 mm.

Astragalus agrestis Douglas ex G. Don. Purple Milkvetch.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 2.4 mi. generally north on Plainview Road, then 130 m. southeast across a small drainage, 15.95 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8938°N, 105.2718°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 2016 m. North-facing slope with grasses and ponderosa pines.

Wednesday, June 15th

Astragalus drummondii Dougl. ex Hook. Drummond's Milkvetch.

Deadman Gulch, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains between US Hwy 6 and Lookout Mountain, about 140 m. west of the Deadman Gulch undercrossing of US Hwy 6, 2.3 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.735°N, 105.2165°W. WGS 1983 Elev. 1774 m. Open east-facing grassy slopes. Deadman Gulch is locally euphemistically known as “Kinney Run.”

Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. Scarlet Globemallow.

Deadman Gulch, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains between US Hwy 6 and Lookout Mountain, about 140 m. west of the Deadman Gulch undercrossing of US Hwy 6, 2.3 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.735°N, 105.2164°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1494 m. Open east-facing grassy slopes. Uncommon, only one seen here, two more 165 m. northwest (Coll. No. 1433).

Gaillardia aristata Pursh. Blanketflower.

Deadman Gulch, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains between US Hwy 6 and Lookout Mountain, about 150 m. northwest of the Deadman Gulch undercrossing of US Hwy 6, 2.3 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7352°N, 105.2165°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1799 m. East-facing grassy slope. Deadman Gulch is often referred to by the locally euphemistic name of “Kinney Run.”

Helianthus pumilus Nutt. Little Sunflower.

Deadman Gulch, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains between US Hwy 6 and Lookout Mountain, about 145 m. northwest of the Deadman Gulch undercrossing of US Hwy 6, 2.3 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7354°N, 105.2163°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1797 m. Northeast-facing grassy slope.

Coll. No. 1426, 15 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Leaves, cauline, alternate, simple, petiole 7 mm. + blade 86 mm. × 30 mm. wide, adaxial, pustular hairy, hairs multicellular, crosswalls clear, abaxial, glandular and hairy; Inflorescence, few heads borne singly on peduncles to 8 cm., hairy, glandular; Phyllaries, 2+ series, similar, 10-8 mm. × 2-3 mm. wide; Receptacle, slightly convex, paleate, Palea, 9 mm., tip, glandular, hairy; Flowers, 2 kinds; Disk, 17 mm. wide; Ray flowers, sterile, 25 mm. × 9 mm. wide, yellow; Disk flowers, 6 mm., not laterally compressed, anther appendages reddish-brown; Pappus, 2 aristate scales.

Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. var. polycephalus (Osterh.) B.L. Turner. Many-Headed Fine-Leaved Wooly-White.

Deadman Gulch, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains between US Hwy 6 and Lookout Mountain, about 145 m. northwest of the Deadman Gulch undercrossing of US Hwy 6, 2.3 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7355°N, 105.2164°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1796 m. East-facing grassy slope. Deadman Gulch is often referred to by the locally euphemistic name of “Kinney Run.”

Coll. No. 1427, 15 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 60 cm.; Leaves, basal, to 140 mm. × 50 mm., oblanceolate in shape, base conspicuously tomentose, bipinnately dissected to filiform segments, ultimate leaf divisions 12-19 mm., cauline, reduced above, #7-8; Heads, 10-16 per stem; Phyllaries, in 1 series, 6 mm. × 2.8-4.0 mm. wide, green, tomentose, margins chartaceous; Flowers, 1 kind; Disk flowers, corollas, 3.5 mm., yellow; Pappus, crown of scales, 0.8-1.2 mm.; Cypsela, 3 mm., hairy all over to just on margins.

Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Plains Pricklypear.

Deadman Gulch, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains between US Hwy 6 and Lookout Mountain, about 220 m. northwest of the Deadman Gulch undercrossing of US Hwy 6, 2.3 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7358°N, 105.2171°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1809 m. East-facing grassy slope. Deadman Gulch is often referred to by the locally euphemistic name of “Kinney Run.”

Oxytropis lambertii Pursh. Purple Locoweed.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower, eastern edge of the Survey field, 250 m. northwest of the Deadman Gulch undercrossing of US Hwy 6, 2.2 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7358°N, 105.2174°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1808 m. Grassy, northwest-facing slope.

Oenothera howardii (A. Nels.) W. L. Wagner. Howard's Evening Primrose.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower, eastern edge of the Survey field, 250 m. northwest of the Deadman Gulch undercrossing of US Hwy 6, 2.2 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7358°N, 105.2174°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1812 m. Leaves basal, large yellow flowers, winged capsule. Grassy, northwest-facing slope.

Astragalus agrestis Douglas ex G. Don. Purple Milkvetch.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower, eastern edge of the Survey field, 250 m. northwest of the Deadman Gulch undercrossing of US Hwy 6, 2.2 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7358°N, 105.2176°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1809 m. Gentle northwest-facing grassy slope.

Oenothera suffrutescens (Ser.) W. L. Wagner & Hoch. Linda Tarde.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower, eastern edge of the Survey field, 250 m. northwest of the Deadman Gulch undercrossing of US Hwy 6, 2.2 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7358°N, 105.2175°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1811 m. Northwest-facing grassy slope. Generally described as common, but not often seen in this area; hence the small size of the collection.

Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. Scarlet Globemallow.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains between US Hwy 6 and Lookout Mountain, about 290 m. west of the Deadman Gulch undercrossing of US Hwy 6, 2.3 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7358°N, 105.218°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1806 m. North-facing grassy slope. Uncommon, rarely seen, and solitary.

Cynoglossum officinale L. Gypsyflower.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Eastern, lower section of the Survey Field, 2.2 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7359°N, 105.2188°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1801 m. High plains at the base of the Front Range, growing in dense vegetation along banks of a small creek. Colorado Noxious Weed List B.

Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun. Smooth Horsetail.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Eastern, lower section of the Survey Field, 2.2 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.736°N, 105.2188°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1799 m. High plains at the base of the Front Range, growing in dense vegetation along banks of a small creek.

Conium maculatum L. Common Poison Hemlock.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Eastern, lower section of the Survey Field, between US Highway 6 and Lookout Mountain, 2.2 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7359°N, 105.2189°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1801 m. High plains at the base of the Front Range, growing in dense vegetation along banks of a small creek.

Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Russian Olive.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Eastern, lower section of the Survey Field, between US Highway 6 and Lookout Mountain, 2.2 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7358°N, 105.2191°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1801 m. Several trees beside ephemeral creek in a distal part of the Survey Field. Colorado Noxious Weed List B.

Onosmodium bejariense DC. ex A. DC. var. occidentale (Mack.) B. L. Turner. Western Marbleseed.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Eastern, lower section of the Survey Field, between US Highway 6 and Lookout Mountain, 2.2 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7359°N, 105.2194°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1803 m. On a small terrace beside an ephemeral creek.

Probably should be determined Lithospermum occidentale (Mack.) Weakley, Witsell & D. Estes, per Weakley, et al., 2011.

Harbouria trachypleura (A. Gray) J.M. Coult. & Rose. Whiskbroom Parsley.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Eastern, lower section of the Survey Field, between US Highway 6 and Lookout Mountain, 2.35 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7344°N, 105.2192°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1819 m. Uncommon. Steep northwest facing slope above ephemeral creek from Lookout Mountain.

Delphinium virescens Nutt. Carolina Larkspur. = Delphinium carolinianum Walter ssp. virescens (Nutt.) R.E. Brooks

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Extreme southeastern corner of the Survey Field, between US Highway 6 and Lookout Mountain, 2.35 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7331°N, 105.2175°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1815 m. Very red fine-grained soil, south-facing slope. Uncommon, only plant seen.

Hesperis matronalis L. Dame's Rocket.

Deadman Gulch, Jefferson County, Colorado. Adjacent to a small artificial pond in Deadman Gulch, about 150 m. upstream of the gulch undercrossing of US Highway 6, 2.5 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7336°N, 105.2158°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1794 m. Purple wall flower. The pond was reconstructed by the City of Golden late in 2016. Deadman Gulch is locally euphemistically referred to as “Kinney Run.” Colorado Noxious Weed List B.

Coll. No. 1441, 15 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 50 cm., hairs, forked on stem, leaf, and sepal, but not fruit; Leaves, basal, withered at flowering, cauline, petiole 3-5 mm. + blade 100 mm. × 35 mm. wide, lanceolate, margin, small-toothed; Inflorescence, raceme; Sepals, #4, 5-6 mm., green, margins purple; Petals, #4, 13 mm. × 4 mm. wide, clawed, purple; Fruit, silique, 40 mm. × 0.6 mm. wide; Seed, 1.7 mm., brown, glabrous.

Saturday, June 18th

Sunday, June 19th

Wednesday, June 22nd

Apocynum ×floribundum Greene. Dogbane.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Western side of North Table Mountain, in roadside ditch along road to City of Golden water tank, 2.8 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7798°N, 105.228°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1853 m.

Coll. No. 1442, 22 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 35 cm.; Leaves, cauline, opposite, spreading horizontal, petiole 2 mm. + blade 50 mm. × 24 mm. wide, ovate, margin revolute; Sepals, 2.5 mm.; Flowers, bell-shaped, 6 mm. × 5 mm. wide, >2× calyx; Petals, fused at base, tube  mm. + lobes 2 mm., pink, drying purple, lobes erect to spreading, none reflexed; Stamens, 5. Filaments, distinct; More like A. androsaemifolium than A. cannabinum, but it seems to best fit the description of the hybrid A. ×floribundum.

Astragalus laxmannii Jacq. var. robustior (Hook.) Barneby & S. L. Welsh. Prairie Milkvetch.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest slopes of North Table Mountain, 2 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7731°N, 105.2254°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1905 m. Grassy slopes with Prinus americana and Rhus trilobata.

Calochortus gunnisonii S. Watson. Gunnison's Mariposa Lily.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southwest slope of North Table Mountain, just below the basalt rim, where a social trail climbs through the rim from the City of Golden North Table Mountain trail, 1.7 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7708°N, 105.2225°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1922 m. Mixed grasses and forbs.

This is a mixed collection of E. umbellatum and E. flavum. See also Coll. No. 1401.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, southwest edge, within a few meters of the rim of the mesa, 1.7 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7706°N, 105.2213°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1967 m. Growing in thin soils and cracks on top of the uppermost basalt flow, with E. umbellatum var. umbellatum.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, southwest edge, within a few meters of the rim of the mesa, 1.7 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7706°N, 105.2213°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1967 m. Growing in thin soils and cracks on top of the uppermost basalt flow, with E. arcuatum.

Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. Striate Manna Grass.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southern part of the mesa where several watercourses join to enter an unnamed canyon draining southeast to Clear Creek, 1.8 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7717°N, 105.2163°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1936 m. Very small perennial wetland, grass forming tussocks in an area several meters across.

Coll. No. 1446, 22 Jun 2016, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 1 m.; Leaf, sheath closed, ligule membraneous, blade, 3 mm. wide; Inflorescence, loose panicle; Spikelets, one per node on short pedicels, laterally compressed, 2+ fertile florets, all similar; Glumes, #2, lower < upper, lower 1-nerved; Disarticulation, above the glumes; Lemma, 7-nerved, well-developed, evenly spaced, apices prow-shaped, awns, 0.

Woodsia oregana D.C. Eaton ssp. cathcartiana (B.L. Rob.) Windham. Rocky Mountain Woodsia.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Rim of mesa, head of unnamed canyon draining southeast to Clear Creek, 1.8 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7712°N, 105.2148°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1926 m. East-facing rock crevices.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Rim of mesa, head of unnamed canyon draining southeast to Clear Creek, 1.8 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7712°N, 105.2148°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1926 m. East-facing rock crevices.

Mimulus floribundus Lindl. Many Flowered Monkey Flower.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southern rim of North Table Mountain, adjacent to North Table Loop, head of unnamed canyon draining southeast to Clear Creek, 1.84 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7714°N, 105.215°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1924 m. Growing in running water at the junction of two small ephemeral streams.

Coll. No. 1448, 22 June 2016, characters observed: Annual, of wet places, 10-30 cm.; Leaves, opposite, cauline, lower, petiole 8 mm. + blade 9 mm. × 8 mm. wide, orbicular-ovate; upper, nearly sessile; Calyx, upper lobe 4.7-8.0 mm., lower lobe 3.7-6.4 mm.; Corolla, 10 mm., yellow; Fruit, pedicel, 8 mm.

Prunella vulgaris L. Common Selfheal.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southern rim of North Table Mountain, adjacent to North Table Loop, head of unnamed canyon draining southeast to Clear Creek, 1.84 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7715°N, 105.215°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1924 m. Growing in running water at the junction of two small ephemeral streams.

Carex breweri Boott. Brewer's Sedge.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Southern rim of North Table Mountain, adjacent to North Table Loop, head of unnamed canyon draining southeast to Clear Creek, 1.84 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7715°N, 105.215°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1924 m. Growing in running water at the junction of two small ephemeral streams.

Rorippa tenerrima Greene. Modoc Yellowcress.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. 2.4 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.776°N, 105.2133°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1965 m. Ephemeral pond indicated on Golden 7.5' quadrangle may have been natural, but has also been enhanced with a low dam on the southwest side.

Coll. No. 1451, 22 Jun 2016, characters observed: Annual, to 15 cm., generally glabrous throughout; Leaves, basal unknown, cauline, largest, petiole 26 mm + blade 60 mm. × 24 mm. wide, oblanceolate in shape, deeply pinnately lobed, reduced above; Inflorescence, raceme, ebractwate; Sepal, 0.7 mm.; Petals, 0.8 mm., color unknown, drying purple; Stamens, #6; Fruit, 7 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, terete, ascending, not constricted, papillate; Ovules, #21

Plagiobothrys scouleri (Hook. & Arn.) I.M. Johnst. var. hispidulus (Greene) Dorn. Scouler's popcornflower.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, at the northeast edge of a small ephemeral pond, 2.4 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.776°N, 105.2132°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1961 m. Ephemeral pond indicated on Golden 7.5' quadrangle may have been natural, but has also been enhanced with a low dam on the southwest side.

Coll. No. 1452, 22 June 2016, characters observed: Annual, to 10 cm., ±appressed hairy throughout; Stem, decumbent to ascending, not winged; Leaves, basal, unknown, cauline, alternate, 35 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, linear; Calyx, lobes #4, in fruit, 3 mm.; Corolla, very small, white; Style, 0.4 mm., entire; Nutlets, #4, 1.8 mm., attachment baso-lateral, tuberculed abaxially (not hooked or barbed). Treated as ssp. penicillata in Weber&Wittmann (2012), at rank of species in California (Baldwin, et al., 2012).

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, at the northeast edge of a small ephemeral pond, 2.4 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.776°N, 105.2132°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1961 m. Accidental collection. Ephemeral pond indicated on Golden 7.5' quadrangle may have been natural, but has also been enhanced with a low dam on the southwest side.

Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Little Barley.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, in the lower, southeast corner of an area disturbed by removal of soil that straddles the Tilting Mesa Trail, 2.4 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.777°N, 105.2151°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1975 m.

Coll. No. 1453, 22 June 2016, characters observed: Annual, to 15 cm.; Leaves, sheath, open, 31 mm., ligule, membraneous, 0.7 mm., auricles, ±0; blade, 51 mm.; Inflorescence, dense 2-sided spike, 46 mm. × 5 mm. wide, base inserted in upper leaf sheath; Spikelets, 3 per node, central spikelet, sessile, fertile, 1 floret, lateral spikelets, pedicelled, sterile; Glumes, #2, body 5 mm. + awn 7 mm. = 12 mm., straight. Native. Type collected by Nuttall in 1811 “on the arid and saline plains of the Missouri” (Nuttall, 1818, p. 87-88).

Monday, June 27th

Gaillardia aristata Pursh. Blanketflower.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.2 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 200 m. east along the south side of an ephemeral stream; 15.2 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8896°N, 105.2594°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1899 m. Mostly grasses and forbs; collected with Rosa arkansana and Crataegus succulenta.

Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link. Fleshy Hawthorn.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.2 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 200 m. east along the south side of an ephemeral stream; 15.2 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8896°N, 105.2594°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1928 m. Discarded, sterile. See Coll. No. 1462 for material with fruit.

Rosa arkansana Porter. Prairie Rose.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.2 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 200 m. east along the south side of an ephemeral stream; 15.2 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8895°N, 105.2593°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1933 m. Petal attachment tenuous making good flower collections difficult.

Coll. No. 1456, 27 June 2016, characters observed: Low-growing perennial, to 20 cm.; Stem, straight slender unequal prickles, present on new growth; Leaves, alternate, compound, leaflets (7-8) 9, 20 mm. × 9 mm. wide, serrate, teeth dark-tipped, unclear whether there is glandular exudate, sparsely villous on both sides; Flowers, in clusters of 2-5; Sepals, 16 mm. × 3 mm. wide, abaxial, stalked glandular, adaxial, glandular hairy; Petals, 28 mm. × 21 mm. wide, color pink.

Prunella vulgaris L. Common Selfheal.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.2 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 200 m. east along the north side of an ephemeral stream; 15.2 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8899°N, 105.2594°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1932 m. On the edge of a spring-fed swale close to an ephemeral stream.

Trifolium pratense L. Red Clover.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.2 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 200 m. east along the north side of an ephemeral stream; 15.2 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8899°N, 105.2593°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1928 m. On the edge of a spring-fed swale close to an ephemeral stream.

Coll. No. 1458, 27 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, erect, to 50 cm., hairs not hooked at tips; Stem, spreading hairy; Stipules, 21 mm. × 5 mm. wide, connate, scarious with several green nerves; Leaves, ternately compound, leaflets, 38 mm. × 20 mm. wide, margins slightly wavy tip short mucronate (easier to see on young leaves), both sides long wavy hairy; Heads, sessile, subtended by stipules and a pair of leaves, many flowers; Fruit, unknown. Introduced.

Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. Slimflower Scurfpea.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.2 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 215 m. east along the north side of an ephemeral stream; 15.2 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8901°N, 105.2592°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1938 m. Dry alluvial terrace above watercourse.

Coll. No. 1459, 27 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, erect, to 50 cm., orange punctate glands throughout; Stipules, 4 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide; Leaves, ternately compound, leaflet, 35 mm. × 7 mm. wide, margins, entire, reduced above; Calyx, 3 mm., in fruit, 4 mm.; Flowers, 5 mm., blue; Fruit, legume, immature, 4 mm. × 1 mm. wide. Determined Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. per Ackerfield (2015).

Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavy Leaved Thistle.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.3 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 195 m. east along the north side of an ephemeral stream; 15.2 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8901°N, 105.2595°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1937 m. Mixed grasses and forbs on a dry alluvial terrace.

Coll. No. 1460, 27 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial thistle, to 30 cm., stout tap root; Stem, leafy, 20 cm.; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, petiole 25 mm. + blade 180 mm. × 55 mm. wide, oblanceolate, pinnately lobed more than half-way to mid-rib, cauline, reduced above, decurrent 5 mm., 45 mm. × 14 mm. wide, lanceolate, surface, adaxial, thinly tomentose, abaxial, tomentose, margins, spiny; Head, 35 mm. × 40 mm. wide, indented around top of peduncle; Phyllaries, many (7?) series, 13 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, + robust spine 5-6 mm., body dark dorsal ridge, outer and middle reflexed; Flowers, 1 kind; Disk flowers, 25-36 mm., corolla pink-purple; Pappus, plumose bristles; Cypsela, 5 mm., apical collar unremarkable.

Bromus japonicus Thunb. Japanese Cheat Grass.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.3 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 170 m. east along the north side of an ephemeral stream; 15.2 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.89°N, 105.2597°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1937 m. Mixed grasses and forbs on a dry alluvial terrace.

Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link. Fleshy Hawthorn.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 1.2 mi. north on Plainview Road; 15.2 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8893°N, 105.2616°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1944 m. Same as Coll. No. 1455; this collection has fruit. Scattered along ephemeral steam.

Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke. Maidens Tears.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains above Rocky Flats, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 0.9 mi. north on Plainview Road, then 250 m. east on old ranch road; 15.2 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.884°N, 105.2595°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1936 m. Mixed grasses and forbs beside the old road, on the accessible side of a gate that prevents cows from going down to Coal Creek.

Coll. No. 1463, 27 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, erect, to 55 cm., generally glabrous throughout; Stem, lacking dark sticky band, most, i.e., 7/8 stems, simple unbranched; Stipules, 0; Leaves, basal, unknown, cauline, opposite, 44 mm. × 6-7 mm. wide, sessile, bases connate; Calyx, tube 8 mm. × 5.5 mm. wide + lobes 2 mm. somewhat inflated, many green veins, not particularly prominent; indented around peduncle (when pressed and dry); Corolla, 13 mm., limb 6 mm., white; Stamens, #10, exserted; Filaments, white (definitely not purple); Seeds, 1 mm., brown, papillate.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1464, Amorpha fruticosa

Amorpha fruticosa L. False Indigo.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Flood plain of Coal Creek, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 0.9 mi. generally north on Plainview Road, then 390 m. generally east on an old road leading to Coal Creek; 14.7 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8845°N, 105.2584°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1922 m. In dense vegetation of mostly willows on the edge of an abandoned channel of Coal Creek.

Coll. No. 1464, 27 June 2016, characters observed: Woody shrub, to 2 m.; Leaves, alternate, compound, leaflets, #13, 26 mm. × 16 mm. wide, elliptic-ovate, mid-rib extended as a short slender mucro, eglandular, short soft hairy, sparse adaxially, less sparse abaxially; Inflorescence, racemes, Calyx, 3 mm., minutely hairy, few gland-dotted distally; Flowers, purple; Banner, 6 mm.

Silene . Catchfly.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Flood plain of Coal Creek, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 0.9 mi. generally north on Plainview Road, then 345 m. generally east on an old road leading to Coal Creek; 14.7 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8841°N, 105.2585°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1923 m. In dense vegetation at edge of old road.

Apocynum ×floribundum Greene. Dogbane.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Flood plain of Coal Creek, 1.6 mi. west on CO Hwy 72 from CO Hwy 93, 0.9 mi. generally north on Plainview Road, then 340 m. generally east on an old road leading to Coal Creek; 14.7 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.884°N, 105.2586°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1929 m. Leaves spreading, not drooping; corolla lobes erect to spreading, not reflexed. In dense vegetation at edge of old road.

Tuesday, June 28th

Wednesday, June 29th

Evans Gulch and Mosquito Pass	Diamond Mine in Evans Gulch	View across Evans Gulch to the Monarch Mine	View northeast across Evans Gulch from the Monarch Mine	Tipple at Monarch Mine
Turquoise Lake on the west side of Leadville.	Mill and reclaimed tailings pond in Iowa Gulch.

Castilleja miniata Hook. Giant Red Indian Paintbrush.

Evans Gulch, Lake County, Colorado. Mosquito Range, middle section of Evans Gulch, near Conley Lakes and the Diamond Mine, 4.6 mi. by road east of the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2603°N, 106.2198°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3415 m. Southeast-facing open slope with mostly forbs.

Coll. No. 1467, 29 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 30 cm., glandular hairy, sometimes tangled, more dense distally; Leaves, cauline, alternate, sessile, 35 mm. × 4.7 mm. wide, some entire, some with pair of lateral lobes; Bract, subtending flower, 26 mm. × 11 mm. wide, ovate, entire, or 1 pair lateral lobes, green becoming reddish-orange distally; Calyx, 22 mm. × 6.5 mm. wide, tube 12 mm. + lobes 10 mm., upper and lower lobes ±equal, color unremarkable, except reddish at tip; Corolla, 30 mm. upper lip(s) 9 mm., lower lip, 3 short teeth, 3 mm.

Does not fit easily into any Castilleja recognized in Colorado. Most like C. miniata or perhaps C. miniata × rhexifolia.

Androsace septentrionalis L. Pygmyflower Rockjasmine.

Evans Gulch, Lake County, Colorado. Mosquito Range, middle section of Evans Gulch, near Conley Lakes and the Diamond Mine, 4.6 mi. by road east of the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2604°N, 106.2199°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3436 m. Southeast-facing open slope with mostly forbs.

Cymopterus lemmonii (J. M. Coult. & Rose) Dorn. Alpine False Springparsley.

Evans Gulch, Lake County, Colorado. Mosquito Range, middle section of Evans Gulch, near Conley Lakes and the Diamond Mine, 4.6 mi. by road east of the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2603°N, 106.2199°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3445 m. Southeast-facing open slope with mostly forbs.

Coll. No. 1469, 29 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 15 cm., glabrous throughout, except very slightly scabrous at top of peduncle and on ribs of some rays; Pseudoscape, absent; Leaves, basal and cauline, 40 mm. × 25 mm. wide, obovate, compound, leaflets, #7, ultimate divisions narrowly lanceolate; Inflorescence, compound umbel; Involucre, bracts, 1.7 mm., linear (but not pinnafitid); Rays, ascending-spreading, ±equal; Involucel, bractlets green, inconspicuous, 1 mm.; Corolla, petals, #5, 1 mm. × 0.6 mm. wide, yellow; Stamens, #5; Filaments, recurved; Ovary, glabrous; Stylopodium, absent (?); Fruit, unknown.

Geum triflorum Pursh. Old Man's Whiskers.

Evans Gulch, Lake County, Colorado. Mosquito Range, middle section of Evans Gulch, near Conley Lakes and the Diamond Mine, 4.6 mi. by road east of the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2604°N, 106.2198°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3447 m. Southeast-facing open slope with mostly forbs. Unclear as to variety if infraspecific taxa are to be recognized. Clump contains accidental collections of Astragalus alpinus and Leptosiphon nuttallii.

Coll. No 1470, 29 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 20 cm., pilose; Leaves, basal, petiole 20 mm. + blade 70 mm. × 25 mm. wide, pinnately compound, leaflets, 15 mm. × 9 mm. wide, deeply lobed, terminal leaflet 3-lobed at tip; flowering stem, opposite; Sepals, #5, 7 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide; Flowers, nodding; Petals, 6 mm. × 3.7 mm. wide, white; Stamens, many; Styles, many, (in fruit) unknown; Fruit, unknown.

Evans Gulch, Lake County, Colorado. Mosquito Range, middle section of Evans Gulch, near Conley Lakes and the Diamond Mine, 4.6 mi. by road east of the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2604°N, 106.2198°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3447 m. Southeast-facing open slope with mostly forbs.

Coll. No. 1470.1, 29 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 15 cm., woody at base; Leaves, well-developed, cauline, opposite, 3-lobed, lobes 12 mm. × 0.8 mm. wide, soft, tip acute, some appearing spinulose; Inflorescence, head-like, not tomentose; Calyx, lobes, 8 mm. × 1.2 mm. wide; Corolla, white, tube 7 mm. + lobes 5 mm. × 3 mm. wide, limb 11 mm. wide.

Astragalus alpinus L. Alpine Milkvetch.

Evans Gulch, Lake County, Colorado. Mosquito Range, middle section of Evans Gulch, near Conley Lakes and the Diamond Mine, 4.6 mi. by road east of the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2603°N, 106.2198°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3446 m. Southeast-facing open slope with mostly forbs.

Coll. No 1471, 29 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 12 cm., caulescent, hairs basifixed; Leaves, cauline, stipules, 5 mm., connate opposite petiole, alternate, to 80 mm., compound, leaflets, #21, 5 mm. × 3 mm. wide, ovate; Calyx, tube 2 mm. + lobes 1 mm. mostly black hairy, few white hairs; Flowers, spreading to deflexed; Banner, 5 mm + 4 mm. reflexed, blue; Wings, 8 mm. yellowish-white, apex obtuse; Keel, 8.5 mm., > wings, blue distally; Fruit, unknown.

Polemonium viscosum Nuttall. Sky Pilot.

Evans Gulch, Lake County, Colorado. Mosquito Range, middle section of Evans Gulch, near Conley Lakes and the Diamond Mine, 4.6 mi. by road east of the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2604°N, 106.2198°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3444 m. Southeast-facing open slope with mostly forbs.

Fragaria virginiana Mill. Virginia Strawberry.

Evans Gulch, Lake County, Colorado. Mosquito Range, middle section of Evans Gulch, near Conley Lakes and the Diamond Mine, 4.6 mi. by road east of the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2603°N, 106.2197°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3442 m. Southeast-facing open slope with mostly forbs.

Potentilla L. Cinquefoil.

Evans Gulch, Lake County, Colorado. Mosquito Range, middle section of Evans Gulch, near Conley Lakes and the Diamond Mine, 4.6 mi. by road east of the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2603°N, 106.2197°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3442 m. Southeast-facing open slope with mostly forbs. Accidental collection.

Valeriana edulis Nuttall. [var. edulis, if infraspecific taxa are recognized] Tobacco Root.

Evans Gulch, Lake County, Colorado. Mosquito Range, mid-section of Evans Gulch, near Conley Lakes and the Diamond Mine, 4.6 mi. by road east of the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2602°N, 106.22°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3440 m. Southeast-facing open slope with mostly forbs. Variety edulis if infraspecific taxa are recognized.

Coll. No. 1474, 29 Jun 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 60 cm.; Stem, glabrous; Leaves, basal, petiole 11 cm. + blade 15 cm. × 2.6 cm. wide, narrowly obovate, cauline, in 2 pairs, pinnafitid, segments narrow; Inflorescence, panicle (definitely not a corymb); Flowers, perfect; Corolla, tube 2 mm. + lobes 1.2 mm., white, somewhat hairy proximal outside; Stamens, ±exserted; Fruit, unknown.

Anemone multifida Poir. Pacific Anemone.

Evans Gulch, Lake County, Colorado. Mid-section of Evans Gulch, near Conley Lakes and the Diamond Mine, 4.6 mi. by road east of the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2604°N, 106.2199°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3441 m. Southeast-facing open slope with mostly forbs. Var. multifida if infraspecific taxa are to be recognized.

Senecio integerrimus Nutt. [var. exaltatus (Nutt.) Cronquist if infraspecific taxa are to be recognized]. Columbia Ragwort.

Evans Gulch, Lake County, Colorado. Mid-section of Evans Gulch, near Conley Lakes and the Diamond Mine, 4.6 mi. by road east of the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2604°N, 106.22°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3443 m. Southeast-facing open slope with mostly forbs. Var. exaltatus (Nutt.) Cronquist if infraspecific taxa are to be recognized.

Coll. No. 1476, 29 Jun 2016, characters observed: Short-lived perennial, 25-35 cm., roots, unbranched, fibrous, pubescence floccose or arachnose, appearing to thin with age; Leaves, basal, petiole 15 mm., + blade 50 mm. × 25 mm. wide, margin entire or slightly wavy, with reddish spots every 2-5 mm. (is this the callous denticle?), cauline, reduced above to sessile, narrowly lanceolate, 40 mm. × 5 mm. wide; Inflorescence, terminal corymb; Peduncles, to 18 mm., black exudate; Heads, #7-8, radiate; Involucre, 9 mm. × 10 mm. wide; Phyllaries, in 1 series, 9 mm. × 1.2-2.2 wide, tip black; Flowers, 2 kinds Rays, #9, fertile; Corolla, yellow, tube 3.5 mm. + blade 5 mm. = 8.5 mm.; Disk, corolla yellow, lobes dark; Anther, base, rounded (not tailed); Pappus, capillary bristles, 4 mm.

Potentilla glaucophylla Lehm. var. glaucophylla. Blue Leaf Cinquefoil.

Breece Hill, Lake County, Colorado. Near the top of Breece Hill, just west of the intersection of Lake County Roads 1A and 1B, 4.2 mi. by road from the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2413°N, 106.2365°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3576 m. Relatively less-disturbed full-sun meadow.

Coll. No. 1477, 29 Jun 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 25 cm.; Flowering stems, ascending, reddish; Leaves, basal, petiole, 50 mm., sparsely hairy, blade, palmate, 25 mm. × 35 mm. wide, 5-7 leaflets, leaflets, incised, distal ½, about half-way to mid-vein, adaxial, very sparse hairy, abaxial, hairy mostly on veins, margins hairy, cauline, much reduced to sessile, ternately lobed, 17 mm.; Sepals, 5 mm. × 3 mm. wide, green, purplish on veins or at tips; Petals, 7 mm. × 8 mm. wide, bright yellow; Stamens, #20; Anthers, 0.7 mm.; Style, 2 mm., slender throughout, attached mid-achene.

Coll. No. 1478, Anemone narcissiflora var. zephyra	Coll. No. 1478, Anemone narcissiflora var. zephyra

Anemone narcissiflora L. var. zephyra (A. Nelson) B. E. Dutton & Keener. Narcissis Anemone.

Breece Hill, Lake County, Colorado. Roadside of Lake County Road 1A, near the top of Breece Hill, about 4.1 mi. by road from the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2417°N, 106.2345°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3565 m. Rocky forest floor.

Coll. No. 1478, 29 Jun 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 35 cm.; Stem, thick, 4 mm.; Leaves, basal, petiole, 150 mm. × 3 mm. wide + blade 60 mm. × 75 mm. wide, (ternately?) divided, margins incised, involucre, single series of stem leaves whorled around inflorescence, sessile; Flowers, actinomorphic, 1-4 per stem; Sepals, petaloid, 12-17 mm., not spurred, white, drying light yellow; Fruit, unknown.

Cerastium arvense L. ssp. strictum Gaudin. Field Chickweed.

Adelaide, Lake County, Colorado. Roadside in Stray Horse Gulch, along County Road 2A, just south of County Road 1, 3 km. east southeast of the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2465°N, 106.2583°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3328 m.

Bistorta bistortoides (Pursh) Small.

Adelaide, Lake County, Colorado. Roadside in Stray Horse Gulch, along County Road 2A, just south of County Road 1, 3 km. east southeast of the GNIS location of Leadville. 39.2465°N, 106.2582°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3327 m.

Coll. No. 1481, Phacelia sericea

Phacelia sericea (Graham ex Hook.) A. Gray. Silky Phacelia.

Evans Gulch, Lake County, Colorado. Junction of County Road 3 and 3B, 2.8 mi. east of Leadville on County Road 3. 39.256°N, 106.2448°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3307 m. In gravel of valley bottom land. Also collected here: Penstemon hallii A. Gray. Probably var. sericea if infraspecific taxa are recognized.

Coll. No. 1481, 29 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 25 cm., from tap root, ±spreading hairy and lightly glandular throughout; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, petiole 25 mm. + blade 30 mm. × 10 mm. wide, lanceolate, deeply pinnafitid, margins toothed, cauline, alternate, similar but reduced above; Inflorescence, panicle or thryse, not coiled; Calyx, 4 mm., lobes #5, 3.5 mm. × 0.5 mm. wide, Flowers, actinomorphic; Corolla, tube 3 mm. + lobes 1.5 mm. × 2 mm. wide, spreading, tip round, purple; Stamens, #5, alternate, exserted 5 mm.; Ovary, superior, 1.8 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, hairy distally; Styles, #1, 8.5 mm., forked, hairy proximally; Stigma, thread-like; Seed, unknown.

Penstemon hallii A. Gray. Hall's Beardtongue.

Evans Gulch, Lake County, Colorado. Junction of County Road 3 and 3B, 2.8 mi. east of Leadville on County Road 3. 39.2559°N, 106.2447°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 3302 m. In gravel of valley bottom land.

Coll. No. 1482, 29 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, caulescent, 8 to 15 cm., glabrous below, becoming glandular in inflorescence, but not hairy; Leaves, opposite, 20 mm. × 1.8 mm. wide, narrowly oblanceolate, reduced above; Inflorescence, 6-8 flowers per stem, somewhat one-sided; Pedicel, leafy, 4-9 mm.; Calyx, tube 1.0-1.5 mm. + lobes 4.0-5.5 mm., green to dark green with tinges of purple, chartaceous scalloped margins; Flowers, tube, 12 mm. + lobes 5-6 mm. × 8-9 mm., blue throughout, or yellow tube with blue lobes; Staminode, hairy at tip; Stamens, just reaching orifice of corolla, Anther, sacs, 1.6 mm. glabrous.

Wednesday, July 6th

Location of patch of Euphorbia myrsinites on lower slopes of Lookout Mountain.

Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze. Hopi Tea Greenthread.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northern part of the Survey Field, above the access road, about 90 m. south of Lookout Mountain Road, 1.9 km. south southwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7392°N, 105.2278°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1844 m. Yellow comp., perennial, woody at base, finely divided leaves, outer phyllaries short, inner phyllaries appearing fused. Mixed prairie near the base of Lookout Mountain.

Coll. No. 1483, 6 Jul 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 55 cm., woody at base, glabrous, eglandular; Leaves, opposite, pinnately lobed, lobes filiform, 30-35 mm.; Inflorescence, 1-3 heads per stem on 10 cm. peduncles; Phyllaries, 2 dimorphic series, without bristles or spines, outer, 2 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, spreading, inner, 8 mm. × 3 mm. wide, connate 4.7 mm, tips erect; Receptacle, paleate, flat; Paleae, 7 mm. × 2 mm. wide, mid-vein greenish-brown, otherwise chartaceous; Flowers of 1 kind; Disc flowers, corolla, tube 3 mm. + throat 1 mm. + lobes 2 mm., color yellow with red-brown veins; Pappus, 2 retrorsely barbed awns; Cypsela, 3.8 mm.

Leaf-cutting bee cutting semi-circular segments from petals of Argemone polyanthemos.	Calochortus gunnisonii with semi-circular segments cut from petals.

Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G.B. Ownbey. Crested Prickly Poppy.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains at the base of the Rocky Mountain Front Range, 2.2 km. south southwest of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7366°N, 105.2292°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1896 m. Stems dripping orange sap when cut.

Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. High plains at the base of the Rocky Mountain Front Range, 2.4 km. south southwest of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7347°N, 105.2296°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1921 m. Mixed shrubs and grasses on lower slopes of Lookout Mountain.

Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. var. umbellatum. Sulphur-Flower Buckwheat.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Rocky lower slopes of Lookout Mountain, southwest corner of the Survey Field, 2.5 km. south southwest of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7335°N, 105.2287°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1972 m. Steep slope, large plants.

Leymus triticoides (Buckley) Pilg. Beardless Wildrye.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Steep rocky lower slopes of Lookout Mountain, southwest corner of the Survey Field, 2.5 km. south southwest of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7334°N, 105.2287°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1974 m.

Coll. No. 1487, 6 Jul 2016, characters observed: Perennial, to 90 cm., long scaly rhizomes not found, culms, 1.5 mm. dia., generally glabrous, except lemma minutely scabrous; Leaves, sheath, open, glabrous, ligule, membraneous, 0.8 mm., auricles, very small, blade, involute; Inflorescence, spike-like, 2-sided, 115 mm. × 8 mm. wide; Spikelets, in pairs, sessile; Glumes, #2, awl-like, lower, 8 mm., upper, 10 mm.; Disarticulation, above the glumes, between florets unclear; Florets, #5, + 1 rudimentary at top of rachilla; Lemma (largest), body 14 mm. + awn 2 mm., reduced above, veins 5, minutely scabrous; Palea, 11 mm., enclosing embryo, tip bifid.

Scirpus pallidus (Britt.) Fern. Cloaked Bulrush.

Colorado School of Mines Survey Field, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northern part of the Survey Field at the base of Lookout Mountain, beside access road to central part of the field, 2.1 km. south southwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.738°N, 105.2292°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1886 m. In a watercourse below a small spring, possibly natural, or possibly overflow from a city water tank.

Wednesday, July 13th

Erigeron divergens Torr. & A. Gray. Spreading Fleabane.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, along an old road and former powerline headed in the general direction of the radio station, 2.6 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7792°N, 105.2173°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1945 m. In thin soils or cracks of basalt caprock, near the edge of prairie dog town.

Coll. No. 1489. 13 July 2016, characters observed: Annual or short-lived perennial, to 15 cm., tap-rooted, ±spreading hairy throughout, becoming minutely glandular above, hairs multicellular with clear crosswalls; Leaves, basal, absent or withered; cauline, alternate, petiole ±10 mm. + blade ±12 mm. × 2.4 mm. wide, uniformly hairy, somewhat reduced above; Inflorescence, heads borne singly on leafy stems, peduncles spreading or decurved, but cannot be described as “heads nodding;” Involucre, 3 mm. × limb 12 mm.; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, 2 kinds; Rays, corolla, 3.5 mm., white fading blue; Disk flowers, corolla, 1.7 mm., yellow; Pappus, short scales and longer capillary bristles, similar on ray and disk flowers; Cypsela, 0.8 mm.

Plantago patagonica Jacq. Woolly Plantain.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, along an old road and former powerline headed about 600 m. north to a radio tower, 2.6 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7792°N, 105.2172°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1972 m. In thin soils or cracks of basalt caprock, near the edge of prairie dog town.

Paronychia jamesii Torr. & A. Gray. Jame's Nailwort.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, along an old road and former powerline headed about 290 m. north to a radio tower, 2.6 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden 39.7821°N, 105.2168°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1981 m. Thin soils on top of the mesa.

Eriogonum alatum Torr. Winged Buckwheat.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, about mid-way between the radio tower and the large pond to the east, about 3.25 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7843°N, 105.2145°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1986 m. Uncommon, perennial, to 1.5 m., leaves mostly basal, inflorescence a panicle. Thin, dry soil, on top of basalt flow capping North Table Mountain.

Achnatherum robustum (Vasey) Barkworth. Sleepygrass.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, base of north-facing rocky slope (fault scarp?) above pond, 3.3 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7849°N, 105.2135°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1979 m. Tall bunch grass, perennial, non-rhizomatous.

Coll. No. 1493, 13 Jul 2016, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 1.3 m., non-rhizomatous bunch grass; Leaves, sheath open, ligule membraneous, tuft of hairs abaxially, blade flat, upper 15 cm.; Inflorescence, panicle, 30 cm. × 2.5 cm.; Spikelets, 1 per node; Florets, 1 per spikelet, bisexual; Glumes, #2, lower, 8 mm. + awn 2.5 mm., veins, #3, thin, upper, ±similar; Disarticulation, above the glumes; Callus, sharp, 0.2 mm.; Lemma, enclosing grain, 6 mm. + awn 26 mm., twisted, short (0.1 mm.) hairy, color tan, tuft of hairs at base, middle sparse hairy, tuft of hairs at tip, lengths ±similar; Palea, 4 mm., hairy; Anthers, #3.

Achillea millefolium L. Common Yarrow.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, base of north-facing rocky slope (fault scarp?) above pond, 3.3 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7849°N, 105.2135°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1978 m.

Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh. Lanceleaf Figwort.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, base of north-facing rocky slope (fault scarp?) above pond, 3.3 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7849°N, 105.2136°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1978 m. Fruit only, past flowering. Numerous plants here, many trampled by deer (?) or weed sprayers (?)

Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. Upright Prairie Coneflower.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, base of north-facing rocky slope (fault scarp?) above pond, 3.3 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7849°N, 105.2134°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1976 m.

Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. diffusus With. Threadleaf Crowfoot.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, south edge of pond at base of north-facing rocky slope (fault scarp?), 3.3 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.785°N, 105.2136°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1975 m.

Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh. Alkali Buttercup.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, on the west side of an ephemeral pond in the northern part of the mesa, near the radio tower, 3.4 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7853°N, 105.2142°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1976 m. In very wet soil at the edge of the pond.

Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinners. Slender Wheatgrass.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, on the west side of an ephemeral pond in the northern part of the mesa, near the radio tower, 3.4 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7853°N, 105.2142°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1973 m. In very wet soil at the edge of the pond.

Coll. No 1499, 13 Jul 2016, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 80 cm., tufted, not strongly rhizomatous; Leaves, sheath, open, ligule, membraneous, 0.5 mm., auricles, 1 mm., thin, blade, 12-15 cm., flat to involute; Inflorescence, 2-sided spike Rachis, internodes, 6 mm., scabrous on margins; Spikelets, 1 per node, 17 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, laterally compressed, appear to be positioned edge-wise to rachis, but this may be a feature of pressing/drying; Florets, 7+ per spikelet; Glumes, #2, ±equal, 8 mm. × 1.2 mm. wide, rounded, veins, #5; Lemma, 9 mm., rounded, veins, #7, glabrous; Palea, ±=lemma; Anthers, 4 mm.

Ackerfield (2015) and Baldwin (2012) lead equivocally to E. trachycaulus, whereas Shaw (2008) and Weber & Wittmann (2012) are more suggestive of E. lanceolatus.

Potentilla norvegica L. Norwegian Cinquefoil.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, on the west side of an ephemeral pond in the northern part of the mesa, beside Mesa Top Trail, near the radio tower, 3.4 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7855°N, 105.2142°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1968 m.

Coll. No. 1500, 13 July 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 25 cm., erect, ±spreading stiff hairy throughout, 1.5 mm., glands, sparse, obscure; Leaves, cauline, stipules, large, 8 mm. × 4 mm. wide, lanceolate, petiole 19 mm. + blade 22 mm. × 24 mm. wide, ternately compound, leaflets, 3(4); Calyx, sepals, 3.5-4.0 mm. × 2 mm. wide, fused >½; Corolla, petals, free, yellow; 1.5 mm. × 1 mm. wide; Stamens, most seen, #8; Style, 0.7 mm., thickest at base; Achenes, 0.6 mm., tan, minutely papillate.

Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Little Barley.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, on the west side of an ephemeral pond in the northern part of the mesa, beside Mesa Top Trail, near the radio tower, 3.4 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7855°N, 105.2142°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1968 m.

Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr. Large Bract Vervain.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Top of North Table Mountain, on the west side of an ephemeral pond in the northern part of the mesa, beside Mesa Top Trail, near the radio tower, 3.4 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7855°N, 105.2142°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1968 m. Erect, perennial, damp soil near pond.

Coll. No. 1500.2, 13 July 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 15 cm., erect; Leaves, cauline, opposite, petiole 5 mm. + blade 20 mm. × 10 mm. wide, pinnafitid, toothed; Bract, 11 mm. × 2.2 mm. wide, entire; Calyx, 4 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide; Corolla, lobes, #5 tube 4 mm. + throat 1 mm. + lobes 2 mm., limb, 2.5 mm., color blue; Introduced.

Usually seen as a prostrate trailside herb. However, this one was growing in grasses and herbs, and forced to adopt an erect habit.

Dalea purpurea Vent. Purple Prairie Clover.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Along the Mesa Top Trail (radio tower access road), 135 m. northwest of the tower, 3.3 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7851°N, 105.2175°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1949 m. Edge of brush across roadside gulley. Accidental collections with this one: Aegilops cylindrica and Alyssum simplex.

Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco. Douglas Fir.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. North slope of North Table Mountain, 30 m. east of and above the Mesa Top Trail (radio tower access road), 3.4 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7864°N, 105.2208°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1916 m. In brush on moderate northwest slope, only such tree seen.

Thelesperma megapotamicum (Spreng.) Kuntze. Hopi Tea Greenthread.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northwest slope of North Table Mountain, near the intersection of the North Table Loop and the Mesa Top Trail, 3.7 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7887°N, 105.2216°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1854 m. Mixed grasses and forbs on the nose of a small ridge.

Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. var. polycephalus (Osterh.) B.L. Turner. Many-Headed Fine-Leaved Wooly-White.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower slopes on the west side of North Table Mountain, along side of North Table Loop, just a few meters north of the access road to the trailhead, 3.2 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7833°N, 105.2298°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1835 m.

Coll. No. 1504, 13 July 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 60 cm., ±tomentose throughout; Leaves, basal, petiole 35 mm. + blade 75 mm. × 30 mm. wide, very deeply pinnafitid, segments filiform, ultimate divisions 8-18 mm., cauline, #4-5, similar, reduced above, bases conspicuously tomentose; Inflorescence, heads borne singly on peduncles, 22-45 mm., #(5) 7 (15); Involucre, 8 mm. × 15 mm. wide; Receptacle, epaleate, flat; Phyllaries, 2 series, 7 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide; inner > outer, margins chartaceous, tips broad scarious; Flowers, 1 kind; Disk flowers, corolla, yellow; Pappus, scales, 1.2 mm.; Achenes, 5 mm., hairy all over, more so on the angles.

Ackerfield (2015) leads to Hymenopappus when the involucre bracts (phyllaries) have broad, scarious tips, whereas involucre bracts in Chaenactis are green and narrow, without scarious tips. Weber & Wittmann (2012) use the same characters. FNANM also uses the shape of the cypselae. Baldwin (2012) also uses the shape and margin of the phyllaries and, in addition, the corollas of Hymenopappus are yellow, whereas those of Chaenactis are white.

Friday, July 22nd

Trailhead of Mesa Spur Trail.	Mesa Spur Trail	View from small hill near North Table Loop.	View from small hill, south east to Denver.	The private pasture at left is a source of weeds bleeding into the adjacent open space.
Eriogonum alatum

Oenothera curtiflora W.L. Wagner & Hoch. Velvet Butterfly-Weed.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lowest north slopes of North Tab;e Mountain, along the Mesa Spur Trail, 0.6 km. south of 58th Avenue, 4.7 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7971°N, 105.2113°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1798 m. Very tall, single stem branched at the inflorescence, small-flowered, soft-hairy.

Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. Western Snowberry.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lowest north slopes of North Table Mountain, along the Mesa Spur Trail, 0.6 km. south of 58th Avenue, 4.6 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7967°N, 105.2112°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1807 m.

Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) O. Spring & E. Schilling. Stiff Sunflower.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Near the top of several small hills (toe of landslide?) on the lower north slope of North Table Mountain, 0.7 km. southeast of the Mesa Spur Trailhead on 58th Avenue, 4.8 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7972°N, 105.2071°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1851 m. Also at this location: Thelesperma megapotamicum, Eriogonum alatum, and E. effusum.

Included with Coll. No. 1541 and sent to KHD to demonstrate characters of leaves.

Asclepias pumila (A. Gray) Vail. Plains Milkweed.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower north slopes of North Table Mountain, 0.79 km southeast of the Mesa Spur Trailhead in 58th Avenue, 4.65 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.796°N, 105.207°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1845 m. Growing in low grasses and forbs.

Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. Slimflower Scurfpea.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower north slopes of North Table Mountain, 0.76 km southeast of the Mesa Spur Trailhead in 58th Avenue, 4.58 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7956°N, 105.2086°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1840 m.

Asparagus officinalis L. Asparagus.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower north slopes of North Table Mountain, 0.76 km southeast of the Mesa Spur Trailhead in 58th Avenue, 4.58 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7955°N, 105.2086°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1843 m. Sterile.

Physalis hederifolia A. Gray var. comata (Rydb.) Waterfall. Ivy-Leaved Ground Cherry.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower north slopes of North Table Mountain,500 m. south southeast of the Mesa Spur Trailhead on 58th Avenue, 4.74 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7976°N, 105.2115°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1797 m. Trailside, in grasses.

Sunday, July 24th

Fence on north boundary of open space.	Fence on north boundary of open space.	The pond in the northern part is ephemeral.	Coyote at Ranson/Edwards.

Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. Canada Thistle.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northern part of open space, 1.6 mi. west on CO Highway 72 from CO Highway 93, north 1.9 mi. on Plainview Road, then 80 m. northwest; 16.3 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8977°N, 105.2687°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1935 m. Mixed grasses and forbs, just below the ponderosa pine zone. Lightly grazed in 2016.

Colorado Noxious Weed List B.

Coll. No. 1512, 24 July 2016, characters observed: Annual, to 70 cm., tap-rooted; Leaves, cauline, alternate, sessile but not obviously decurrent, 85 mm. × 20 mm. wide, margin sinuate, spiny, adaxial thinly tomentose, abaxial tomentose; Inflorescence, panicle(?); Heads, many, 30±, 15 mm. × 8 mm. dia., disk flowers only, dioecious, staminate heads, pappus < corolla, pistillate heads, pappus > corolla; Phyllaries, many (6-7) series, outer 3 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, inner 15 mm. × 1 mm. wide, dark dorsal ridge, tips, spinulose, reflexed; Receptacle, soft bristles, 10 mm.; Pappus, plumose bristles.

Agrostis stolonifera L. Creeping Bentgrass.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northern part of open space, 1.6 mi. west on CO Highway 72 from CO Highway 93, north 1.9 mi. on Plainview Road, then 300 m. northeast, almost to the boundary fence; 16.3 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8991°N, 105.2668°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1937 m. Weakly stoloniferous, growing in and beside ephemeral stream. Introduced.

Coll. No. 1515, 24 July 2016, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 85 cm., decumbent at base, weakly rhizomatous, 1 of 3 collections has a 2.5 cm. scaly rhizome; Leaves, sheath, open, ligule 4 mm., chartaceous tissue extending down sheath 20 mm., auricles, 1 mm., blade, 80 mm. × 3.2 mm. wide, flat, scabrous adaxially; Inflorescence, panicle, branches not bearing spikelets to base; Spikelets, 1 floret; Glumes, ±equal, 2.3 mm., purplish, keeled scabrous; Lemma, 1.8 mm. + awn 0.3 mm., thin, translucent, veins, 3(5?); Palea, 1.3 mm. Introduced.

Oenothera villosa Thunb. Hairy Evening Primrose.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northern part of open space, 1.6 mi. west on CO Highway 72 from CO Highway 93, north 1.9 mi. on Plainview Road, then 700 m. downhill to northeast to a small reservoir; 16.3 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8989°N, 105.2609°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1905 m. High plains above Rocky Flats, single plant growing in delatic gravels of small ephemeral stream entering pond.

Carduus nutans L. Nodding Plumeless Thistle.

Ranson/Edwards Homestead Open Space Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Northern part of open space, 1.6 mi. west on CO Highway 72 from CO Highway 93, north 1.9 mi. on Plainview Road, then 560 m. downhill to northeast; 16.3 km. north northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.8974°N, 105.262°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1916 m. Northwest-facing slope above ephemeral stream. Introduced. Colorado Noxious Weed List B.

Coll. No. 1517, 24 July 2016, characters observed: Annual, to 55 cm., tap-rooted, branched at base; Leaves, basal, withered at flowering, cauline, alternate, decurrent 40 mm. + blade 75 mm. × 25 mm. wide, pinnately lobed, margins spiny; Inflorescence, single heads on spiny tomentose peduncles 2.5-15 cm.; Phyllaries, many graduated series, 9-20 mm. × 1-3 mm. wide, thick at base, mostly green, purplish at margins, mid-vein prominent, tip spiny; Receptacle, alveolate (honeycombed), flat, bristly; Disk flowers, 25 mm., color purple; Pappus, capillary bristles, 18 mm.

Friday, July 29th

Asclepias definitely, maybe A. viridiflora	Fruit of Asclepias definitely, maybe A. viridiflora	Leaf of Asclepias definitely, maybe A. viridiflora

Stephanomeria pauciflora (Torr.) A. Nelson. Brownplume Wirelettuce.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower east slopes of North Table Mountain, between North Table Loop and Mesa Top Trail, 0.7 km. northwest of the Easley Road trailhead; 3.9 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7841°N, 105.1952°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1798 m. Grassy southeast-facing slope.

Coll. No. 1518, 29 July 2016, characters observed: Perennial, shrub-like, to 30 cm.; Leaves, alternate, sessile, 80 mm. × 15 mm. wide, lanceolate, deeply toothed (runcinate); Heads, many; Phyllaries, 3 graduated series, 4-9 mm. × 1.3-1.5 mm. wide; Flowers, 1 kind; Rays, #5, 12 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, white, fading tan; Pappus, bristles, connate into 5 groups corresponding to ribs of cypsela, 7 mm., plumose upper 3/4; Cypsela, 4 mm., beak, 0, rugose-tuberculate, 5 broad ribs.

Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Missouri Goldenrod.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower east slopes of North Table Mountain, along the North Table Loop north of the Mesa Top Trail, 1.2 km. northwest of the Easley Road trailhead; 4.32 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.789°N, 105.1953°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1829 m. Trailside in small outcrop of rocks.

Coll. No. 1519, 29 Jul 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 35 cm.; Leaves, basal, unknown, cauline, alternate, petiole 10 mm. + blade 100 mm. × 22 mm. wide, oblanceolate, glabrous, margin, sparsely scabrous proximally, serrate distally, prominently 3(5)-nerved, reduced above; Heads, 3-4 mm. × 3-4 mm. wide; Phyllaries, 3+ series, 3.5 mm. × 1 mm. wide, green, margin chartaceous, veins, 1; Receptacle, epaleate, conic, Flowers, 2 kinds; Ray flowers, #12, yellow; Disk flowers, #12, yellow; Pappus, capillary bristles.

Corylus cornuta Marshall. Beaked Hazelnut.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower east slopes of North Table Mountain, along the North Table Loop north of the Mesa Top Trail, 1.57 km. northwest of the Easley Road trailhead; 4.56 km. northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7923°N, 105.1973°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1830 m. Sterile collection, no reproductive parts found. Determination tentative.

Coll. No. 1520, 29 July 2016, characters observed: Tree, Twigs, brown, sparsely (hairy to arachnose); Leaves, alternate, petiole, 6 mm., blade, 130 mm. × 75 mm. wide, base, oblique, tip, acuminate, margin, doubly-serrate, prominently pinnately veined, glabrous.

Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. villosa. Hairy False Goldenaster.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower north slopes of North Table Mountain, 1.02 km. southwest of the Mesa Spur trailhead on 58th Avenue, 4.66 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7953°N, 105.2039°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1848 m. Mixed grasses and forbs upslope of North Table Loop.

Coll. No. 1521, 29 July 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 35 cm., eglandular and hispid throughout; Leaves, cauline, alternate, sessile, 35 mm. × 18 mm. wide, ovate, entire, not contorted after drying; Heads, borne singly on leafy peduncles to 50 mm., subtended by a pair of bracts, sometimes equalling but not exceeding the head, with cilia to 1.2 mm. proximally; Phyllaries, 3+graduated series, 3-8 mm. × 1 mm. wide, more toward strigose than hispid, tips, dark brown; Receptacle, epaleate, hemispheric; Flowers, 2 kinds; Rays, corolla, 9 mm., yellow; Disk flowers, corolla, 6.5 mm., yellow; Pappus, short (1 mm.) and long (5-6 mm.) capillary bristles; Cypsela, 3 mm., hairy.

Perhaps an intermediate between Heterotheca villosa and H. foliosa. See discussion in Ackerfield (2015) Flora of Colorado.

Friday, August 8th

Argemone polyanthemos (Fedde) G.B. Ownbey. Crested Prickly Poppy.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. South side of North Table Mountain, along the Climbing Access Trail just below the uppermost basalt flow; 224 m. southeast of the USBR monument designated “North Table,” 1.44 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7681°N, 105.2169°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1905 m.

Helianthus pumilus Nutt. Little Sunflower.

North Table Mountain Park, Jefferson County, Colorado. South side of North Table Mountain, along the Climbing Access Trail just below the uppermost basalt flow; 224 m. southeast of the USBR monument designated “North Table,” 1.44 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7681°N, 105.2169°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1918 m.

Andropogon gerardii Vitman. Big Bluestem.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. South side of North Table Mountain, below Climbing Access Trail near the top of the slope; 260 m. southeast of the USBR monument designated “North Table,” 1.38 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7675°N, 105.217°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1891 m. Collected with Mirabilis linearis.

Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl. Narrowleaf Four O'Clock.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. South side of North Table Mountain, below Climbing Access Trail near the top of the slope; 260 m. southeast of the USBR monument designated “North Table,” 1.38 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7675°N, 105.217°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1890 m. Widely scattered; collected with Andropogon gerardii.

Securigera varia (L.) Lassen. Purple Crownvetch.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower slopes on the south side of North Table Mountain, 330 m. south southeast of the USBR monument designated “North Table,” 1.22 km. north northeast of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7663°N, 105.2181°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1819 m. Barely identifiable fragments from a very heavily browsed patch approximately 3 m. × 5 m. in size. Aerial photography shows multiple game trails oriented toward this patch. Introduced.

Coll. No. 1526, 5 August 2016, characters observed: Perennial shrub, to 1 m. × 3 m. dia.; Leaves, cauline, alternate, stipules, 3 mm. × 0.6 mm., strap-shaped, sessile or nearly so, compound, leaflets, #21, 9 mm. × 2.7 mm. wide, oblong, tip mucronate; Inflorescence, axillary umbellate clusters, peduncles, 25 mm., Pedicels, 2.5 mm., Calyx, conical, tube 2.5 mm. + lobes 0.5 mm.; Flowers, white to pink, banner 4 mm. + 2 mm., wings, 6 mm., keel, 9 mm.; Fruit, erect, 19 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, ridged.

Juncus interior Wiegand. Inland Rush.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower south slopes of North Table Mountain, above Peery Parkway, 250 m. south of the USBR monument “North Table,”1.25 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.767°N, 105.2201°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1831 m. Small wetland where the North Table Mountain Trail crosses a watercourse below a near-perennial spring that is higher on the south slope of the mesa.

Coll. No. 1527, 5 August 2014, characters observed: Perennial graminoid, to 45 cm., Culm, 40 cm, round, 1 mm. dia.; Leaves, basal, outer, 7 mm., sheath-like, inner, sheath, 80 mm., open, ligule, 0.5 mm., membraneous, blade, 225 mm., rolled; Bracts, #2, 85 mm., 46 mm.; Pedicel, 3 mm., bract, 2 mm.; Flowers, #17, closely subtended by a pair of scarious bracteoles; Tepals, 3.2 mm. lanceolate, tip acuminate, green center, then light brown strips, then scarious margin; Capsule, 3.5 mm., rounded at summit, placenta extends nearly to tip; Seeds, 0.5 mm., oblong, not tailed, annular grooves;

Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Shinners. Slender Wheatgrass.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower south slopes of North Table Mountain, above Peery Parkway, 250 m. south of the USBR monument “North Table,”1.25 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7669°N, 105.22°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1835 m. Small wetland where the North Table Mountain Trail crosses a watercourse below a near-perennial spring that is higher on the south slope of the mesa.

Coll. No. 1528, 5 August 2016, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 1 m., generally glabrous except as noted; Leaves, sheath, open, ligule, membraneous, auricles, small, 1 mm., blade, 25 mm. Inflorescence, bi-lateral spike; Spikelets, mostly 1 per node, about 1/3 have 2 per node, 21 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, compression, lateral; Disarticulation, between the florets; Glumes, #2, ±equal, 11 mm. + awns 2 mm., not quite straight, thick, tough, not keeled, veins, 5, prominent, margins, widest at middle, Florets, #8, Lemma, 9 mm. + awn 3 mm, longitudinally symetric; Palea, 9 mm., tip, bifid, veins, ciliate; Anthers, 3 mm.

Poa palustris L. Fowl Bluegrass.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower south slopes of North Table Mountain, above Peery Parkway, 250 m. south of the USBR monument “North Table,”1.25 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.767°N, 105.22°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1833 m. Small wetland where the North Table Mountain Trail crosses a watercourse below a near-perennial spring that is higher on the south slope of the mesa.

Coll. No. 1529, 5 August 2016, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 1 m., growing in running water; rhizomes, unknown (none seen); Leaves, sheath open, ligule, membraneous, 4 mm., blade, flat, scabrous, tip, narrow, not broadly prow-shaped; Inflorescence, open panicle, 28 cm. × 20 cm. wide, lower branches 4-5 per node; Pedicels, 0.3-3.0 mm.; Spikelets, 1 per node, 4 mm. × 1 mm., compression lateral, glumes, lemma, and paleae very fragile; Glumes, #2, lower, 2.6 mm., veins 3, upper, 2.8 mm., veins 3 (5?); Disarticulation, above the glumes; Florets, 3 fertile, + uppermost rudimentary; Lemma, 2.6 mm., veins, at least 3, maybe 5, basal hairs sparse, but length 1/2 the lemma, keeled, hairy proximally, margin, hairy proximally, glabrous between the veins; Palea, 2.3 mm.

Poa palustris L. Fowl Bluegrass.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower south slopes of North Table Mountain, above Peery Parkway, 250 m. south of the USBR monument “North Table,”1.25 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7669°N, 105.22°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1830 m. Small wetland where the North Table Mountain Trail crosses a watercourse below a near-perennial spring that is higher on the south slope of the mesa. Same as Coll. No. 1529, but this one shows the decumbent culms that are purplish at the base.

Rumex crispus L. Curley Dock.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower south slopes of North Table Mountain, above Peery Parkway, 250 m. south of the USBR monument “North Table,”1.25 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.767°N, 105.22°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1822 m. Basal leaves absent. Small wetland where the North Table Mountain Trail crosses a watercourse below a near-perennial spring that is higher on the south slope of the mesa. Introduced.

Epilobium ciliatum Raf. Fringed Willowherb.

North Table Mountain, Jefferson County, Colorado. Lower south slopes of North Table Mountain, above Peery Parkway, 250 m. south of the USBR monument “North Table,”1.25 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.767°N, 105.2201°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1826 m. Small wetland where the North Table Mountain Trail crosses a watercourse below a near-perennial spring that is higher on the south slope of the mesa.

Tuesday, August 16th

Golden, Jefferson County, Colorado. Landscaped parkway near the intersection of 5th Street and Arapahoe Street, Golden, CO, 0.9 km. northwest of the GNIS location of Golden. 39.7613°N, 105.2286°W. WGS 1984 Elev. 1755 m. Adventive weed. Introduced.

Coll. No. 1533, 16 August 2016, characters observed: Annual, to 25 cm., hairy throughout, hairs gland-tipped, some multicellular, without spines or prickles; Leaves, alternate, simple, 35 mm. × 19 mm. wide, ovate, margins entire to wavy; Inflorescence, racemes, 2-5 flowers, between nodes or sometimes at nodes opposite leaves; Calyx, tube 1.5 mm. + lobes 1.0 mm., without downward pointing lobes; Corolla, rotate, white, limb, 8 mm.; Stamens, upright around the style, touching it without being fused (connivent); Fruit, unknown. Introduced.