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Detailed Area Plant List for Parfet Prehistoric Preserve, Jefferson County, United States.
Edited by Tom Schweich
This list is assembled from personal collections, herbarium vouchers, and published lists that were available at the time this list was prepared. There may be additional species of plants in this area that were unknown or undocumented at the time this list was prepared. For California, much of the data is provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria as indicated by a single dagger “†.” Their web site is at: (http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/). For Colorado, much of the data is provided by the Southwest Environmental Information Network as indicated by a double dagger “‡,” which web site is found at (http://swbiodiversity.org). See their respective websites for copyright information and recommended citation formats.
For a complete list of Locations included in this Area List, see the Locations Included section, below. For a check list, please see: Check List for Parfet Prehistoric Preserve, Jefferson County, United States.
 Schizachyrium scoparium (Little Blue Stem) in the Mines Survey Field. |
 Coll. No. 1735, Schizachyrium scoparium |
 Coll. No. 1262, Schizachyrium scoparium |
 Coll. No. 1262, Schizachyrium scoparium |
Apiaceae
Conium maculatum L. Common Poison Hemlock. Weed: CO DofA, List: C. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4022.
4/30/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1436, Conium maculatum |
Lomatium orientale J.M. Coult. & Rose. Salt-and-Pepper. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial, to 20 cm., woody taproot; Leaves, compound, pinnate, 75 mm. × 26 mm. wide, ultimate divisions, ≤3 mm., ≤1 mm. wide, villous, tips, obtuse, (with a very small white “spine”); Inflorescence, compound umbel; Involucel Bracts, glabrous; Flowers, white; Anthers, red; Ovary, glabrous, stylopodium, absent; Fruit, 5 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, ovate, glabrous, dorsally compressed, lateral ribs winged (Described from Coll. No. 1837, 17 May 2018).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4026.
4/30/2025.
.
Asteraceae
Agoseris parviflora (Nutt.) D. Dietr. (Syn: A. glauca (Pursh) Raf. var. laciniata (D. C. Eaton) Smiley , Troximon parviflorum Nutt. , Troximon pubescens (Rydb.) A. Nels. ) Steppe Goat-Chicory. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 20 cm.; Leaves, basal, to 180 mm. × 6 mm. wide, not prickly, margins, generally straight (not wavy), 0- to 6-toothed, sparsely ciliate or hairy; Inflorescence, single heads on scape to 15 cm.; Phyllaries, in 2+ graduated series, 10-13-16 mm., generally green, mid-vein dark purple, margin scarious, outer phyllaries, mid-vein and margin ciliate; Ray flowers, corolla, 20-22 mm., yellow (drying more purple than pink), lobes 5; Disc flowers 0; Pappus, simple capillary bristles; Achene, surface smooth, beak unknown (immature). (Described from Coll. No. 1101, 3 May 2015)
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
In a low area that may concentrate moisture; with Artemisia dracunculus, A.ludoviciana, Scorzonera laciniata, Alyssum simplex, Astragalus sp., and Bromus inermis.
iNaturalist Observation 280624751.
Along the City of Golden 6th Avenue Trail just inside the southwest boundary of the Parfet Prehistoric Preserve, part of the Morrison-Golden Fossil Area National Natural Landmark, 1.65 km. south of the GNIS location of Golden.
Tom Schweich 3385.
12 May 2025.
(
OBI
)
.
.
Artemisia dracunculus L. (Syn: Oligosporus dracunculus (L.) Poljakov ssp. glaucis (Pall. ex Willd.) A. Löve & D. Löve ) Tarragon, Dragonwort. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4011.
4/30/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1754, Artemisia dracunculus |
 Coll. No. 1754, Artemisia dracunculus |
Artemisia frigida Willd. Prairie Sagewort. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 30 cm., woody at base; Stems many; Leaves alternate, 9 mm., pinnately dissected into 7 parts, silvery hairy; Inflorescence raceme-like, indeterminate, heads 1-3 in axils; Heads have only disk flowers, all alike; Involucre of hairy phyllaries; Phyllaries in 2 series, hairy, not gummy or with tips recurved; Receptacle hairy, not chaffy or bristly; Flowers fertile; Pappus absent; (Described from Coll. No. 1067, 8 Oct 2014).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4001.
4/30/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1067, Artemisia frigida |
 Coll. No. 3507, Artemisia frigida. |
 Coll. No. 3625, Artemisia frigida. |
 Coll. No. 1067, Artemisia frigida |
 Coll. No. 1067, Artemisia frigida |
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Silver Wormwood. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
3992.
4/30/2025.
.
.
Centaurea . Knapweed NOIBN. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve, 4024. 4/30/2025. . .
Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Syn: Breea arvensis (L.) Lessing ) Canada Thistle. Weed: CO DofA, List: B. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Annual, to 70 cm., tap-rooted; Leaves, cauline, alternate, sessile but not obviously decurrent, 85 mm. × 20 mm. wide, margin sinuate, spiny, adaxial thinly tomentose, abaxial tomentose; Inflorescence, panicle(?); Heads, many, 30±, 15 mm. × 8 mm. dia., disk flowers only, dioecious, staminate heads, pappus < corolla, pistillate heads, pappus > corolla; Phyllaries, many (6-7) series, outer 3 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, inner 15 mm. × 1 mm. wide, dark dorsal ridge, tips, spinulose, reflexed; Receptacle, soft bristles, 10 mm.; Pappus, plumose bristles (Described from Coll. No. 1512, 24 July 2016).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4059.
5/12/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1200, Cirsium arvense |
 Coll. No. 3210, Cirsium arvense. |
 Coll. No. 1512, Cirsium arvense |
 Coll. No. 2773, Cirsium arvense |
Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavy Leaved Thistle. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial thistle, to 30 cm., stout tap root; Stem, leafy, 20 cm.; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, petiole 25 mm. + blade 180 mm. × 55 mm. wide, oblanceolate, pinnately lobed more than half-way to mid-rib, cauline, reduced above, decurrent 5 mm., 45 mm. × 14 mm. wide, lanceolate, surface, adaxial, thinly tomentose, abaxial, tomentose, margins, spiny; Head, 35 mm. × 40 mm. wide, indented around top of peduncle; Phyllaries, many (7?) series, 13 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, + robust spine 5-6 mm., body dark dorsal ridge, outer and middle reflexed; Flowers, 1 kind; Disk flowers, 25-36 mm., corolla pink-purple; Pappus, plumose bristles; Cypsela, 5 mm., apical collar unremarkable. (Described from Coll. No. 1460, 27 June 2016).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4064.
5/12/2025.
.
.
Erigeron . Fleabane. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4023.
4/30/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 2724, Erigeron sp. (?) as it came out of the press. |
 Coll. No. 2724, Erigeron sp. |
Erigeron tracyi Greene. (Syn: E. cinereus A. Gray , E. colomexicanus A. Nelson , E. divergens Torrey & A. Gray var. cinereus A. Gray ) Running Fleabane. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, 20-25 cm., caudex simple (not stout) non-rhizomatous, hairy throughout, with hairs 0.2-0.4 mm. spreading in all directions, glandular at high magnification; Stem, some with prior year's branches assumed to have been stoloniferous; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, petiole, to 26 mm. + blade oblanceolate 8-12-20 mm. × 2-4-5.5 mm. wide, short hairy and glandular (especially visible at high magnification), margin entire, tip acute, some withered at flowering time, cauline, ±sessile, reduced or not well-developed above, but up to 32 mm. × 1.8 mm. wide; Peduncle, spreading to descending multicellular hairs with clear crosswalls, slightly pustular (maybe) or glandular at high magnification; Phyllaries, in 2+ ±equal series, but not distinctly imbricate, 3-4.5 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, lanceolate, green center, light margins, spreading hairy; Receptacle epaleate; Flowers, 2 kinds; Ray flowers, cypsela 0.5 mm. + tube 2 mm. + ligule 4 mm. × 0.3-0.6 mm. wide = 6.5-7 mm. × 0.8 mm. wide, fertile, tip rounded, white & pink fading purple; Disk flowers, yellow; Pappus, ray and disk alike, inner, few capillary bristles, 4 mm., outer, short crown of scales, double pappus not particularly disgnostic in Erigeron. The most common form of E. tracyi is perhaps (speculative) a stabilized, apomictic hybrid between E. flagellaris and E. divergens (FNANM). Described from Coll. No. 1133, 9 Jun 2015 and Coll. No. 1337, 11 May 2016.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4038.
5/12/2025.
.
.
Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. Curlycup Gumweed. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4000.
4/30/2025.
.
.
 Obs. No. 4391, Grindelia squarrosa. |
 Obs. No. 4391, Grindelia squarrosa. |
 Obs. No. 4391, Grindelia squarrosa. |
 Grindelia squarrosa in my garden. |
Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby. (Syn: G. linearifolia Lag. ) Broom Snakeweed. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial, tap-rooted, to 9 cm.; Leaves, alternate, linear, 20 mm. × 1 mm. mm. wide, dotted with embedded oil glands, very few short hairs; Peduncle, 0.5-1.5 mm.; Inflorescence, some flowers with strap-shaped corollas, flowers of two kinds in same heads, Involucre, 3.5 mm. × 2.5-3.0 mm. wide, obconic, not gummy; Phyllary, 2-3 unequal series, inner folded around ovary of ray flowers, dotted with embedded oil glands, tips appressed; Receptacle, epaleate; Rays, #5, yellow; Disk, #4; Pappus, a well-developed crown of scales on both ray and disk flowers; (Described from Coll. No. 144, 3 Oct 1997: keys easily to Gutierrezia sarothrae. However, inner phyllaries are folded around ovary of ray flowers, a character not mentioned in keys or description.)
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4017.
4/30/2025.
.
.
Helianthus pumilus Nutt. Little Sunflower. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Leaves, cauline, alternate, occasionally opposite, then bases conjoined, simple, petiole 7-10 mm. + blade 55-86 mm. × 22-30 mm. wide, lanceolate, flat (not folded), margin, entire to lightly toothed, adaxial, pustular strigose, hairs multicellular, crosswalls clear, abaxial, glandular and strigose; Inflorescence, heads single to few on leafy stems, peduncles to 8-10 cm., hairy, glandular; Involucre, 9 mm. × 16 mm. wide; Phyllaries in 2+ series, similar, 6-10 mm. × 2.0-3.5(4) mm. wide, greene erect, ovate, strigose abaxially, margins ciliate, tip acuminate, not as “stiff” or “tough” as those of Coll. No. 1199; Receptacle, slightly convex, paleate; Disk, 17 mm. wide; Palea, 9 mm., tip, glandular, hairy distally; Flowers, 2 kinds; Ray flowers, sterile, #10-12, corolla, 17-25 mm. × (4)6-9 mm. wide, yellow; Disk flowers, corolla, 4-6 mm., yellow, lobes, #5, 1 mm., yellow, anther appendages reddish-brown; Pappus of few long (2.5-4 mm.) aristate scales; Cypsela, 3.5 mm. × 1.4 mm. wide, quadrangular,not laterally compressed black. Described from Coll. No. 1210, 1426, and 1704.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
3998.
4/30/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1704, Helianthus pumilus |
 Coll. No. 1426, Helianthus pumilis |
Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners. (Syn: H. v. (Pursh) Shinners var. nana (A. Gray) Semple , H. v. (Pursh) Shinners var. villosa ) Hairy False Goldenaster. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 50 cm.; Leaves, cauline alternate, entire, 1-veined, distal perpendicular to stems, hairs > glands; Heads solitary, with both ray and disk flowers; Phyllaries in 2+ series, unequal, to 7 mm.; Rays, 9 mm.; Pappus double, outer narrow scales ≤ 1 mm. (easier to see on mature fruit), inner bristles, 6.5 mm., white; Fruit, disk 3 mm., hairy.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4032.
4/30/2025.
.
.
Onopordum acanthium L. Scotch Cottonthistle. Weed: CO DofA, List: B. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4014.
4/30/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 2772, Onopordum acanthium |
Scorzonera laciniata L. (Syn: Podospermum laciniatum (L.) De Candolle ) Cutleaf Vipergrass. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 40 cm., Leaves, basal and cauline, 7-20 cm., pinnately dissected into near-linear lobes, reduced but still well-developed above; Inflorescence, few heads on long stems; Phyllaries, in ±3 series, graduated, 4-13 mm. × 1.5-9 mm. wide, margins chartaceous, tips dark; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, ligulate (1 kind, 5-lobed), corolla yellow; Pappus of plumose bristles, Introduced, Europe (Old French: viper) (Described from Coll. No. 1399, 8 June 2016).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4010.
4/30/2025.
.
.
 Schweich collection of Scorzonera laciniata |
Senecio integerrimus Nutt. Columbia Ragwort. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4070.
5/12/2025.
.
.
Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. (Syn: T. laevigatum (Willd.) DC. ) Common Dandelion. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4005.
4/30/2025.
.
.
Tragopogon dubius Scop. (Syn: Tragopogon dubius Scop. ssp. major (Jacq.) Vollman ) Yellow Salsify. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Peduncle inflated distally, flowers yellow, phyllaries in 1 overlapping series, ligules 3-5 mm. shorter than phyllaries.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4006.
4/30/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 1115, Tragopogon dubius |
Boraginaceae
Cynoglossum officinale L. Gypsyflower. Weed: CO DofA, List: B. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4039.
5/12/2025.
.
.
Ellisia nyctelea (L.) L. Aunt Lucy. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
?
4002.
4/30/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 2486.1, Ellisia nyctelea |
 Coll. No. 1391, Ellisia nyctelea |
Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) DC. Prairie Bluebells. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, with spreading-ascending branches to 20 cm.; Stem, glabrous; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, petiole 55 mm. + blade 50 mm. × 12.5 mm. wide, lanceolate, distinct lateral veins, papillate adaxially, margin, entire, appressed ciliate; cauline, sessile, 40 mm. × 4 mm. wide, without distinct lateral veins, papillate to strigose (oriented toward apex) adaxially, margin, entire, appressed ciliate; Inflorescence, panicle; Calyx, not divided to base, tube 1.5 mm. + lobes 2-3 mm.; Corolla, tube 4.0-6.5 mm. + lobes 4.5-7.5 mm., free 2.0 mm., limb 5-10 mm., deciduous, blue, small tufts or a ring of hairs near (2.2 mm.) base of throat; Stamens, #5-6, inserted, attached just below (0.5 mm.) throat/fornices; Filaments, 2.0-3.5 mm., strap-shaped, filaments ≥ anthers; Anthers, 1.8-2.3 mm., versatile, yellow; Ovary, 0.7 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, partially fused to calyx; Style, 7.0-7.5 mm., single, ±≥anthers; Stigma, simple; Fruit, #4 nutlets, 1.7 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide. (Described from Coll. Nos. 1906 & 2035.)
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4068.
5/12/2025.
.
Brassicaceae
Alyssum simplex Rudolphi. (Syn: A. campestre (L.) L. var. simplex (Rudolphi) Willd. , A. minus Rothm. , A. parviflorum Fisch. ex M.Bieb. ) European Madwort. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Annual, tap-rooted, to 12-30 cm., stellate hairy throughout (typically doubly branched and 8-pointed); Stem branched at base, ascending; Leaves basal, withered at flowering, appear compound, cauline, alternate, 14-28 mm. × 3.5-5.0 mm., oblanceolate, margin entire, tip acute, sessile or vaguely short-petioled; Inflorescence not bracted; Pedicels, in fruit, 4.5 mm.; Sepals, 4, 2 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, deciduous in fruit; Petals 2.9-3.0 mm., yellow fading white,clawed, entire to tip slightly notched; Stamens, 2.5-2.6 mm.; Filaments, 2.3 mm., winged proximal 1.5-1.8 mm., not toothed; Style persistent, 1.3 mm., few hairs at base; Fruit round, 3.5-5.0 mm. × 5.6 mm. wide, margin entire, compressed parallel to the replum, hairy, hairs thinning as fruit matures; Ovules, 4 (most keys and descriptions say 2 when they give a specific number, but the genus is described as having 1-2[4] ovules). (Described from Clyde Golden, 25 Jun 2011, Coll. No. 1090, 30 Apr 2015, and Coll. No. 1367, 24 May 2016).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
3997.
4/30/2025.
.
.
 Alyssum simplex |
 Alyssum simplex |
 Fruit of Coll. No. 1090, Alyssum simplex |
 Coll. No. 1090, Alyssum simplex |
 Coll. No. 1367, Alyssum simplex |
Berteroa incana (L.) DC. Hoary Alyssum. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Annual terrestrial herb, to 50 cm.; Leaves, cauline, elliptical, 20 mm. × 5 mm.; Flowers, not bracteate; Petals, 4, white, deeply bilobed; Style, 1.4 mm. in young fruit; Fruit, elliptical, 7 mm. × 4 mm. wide × 2 mm. thick, flattened parallel to papery internal partition.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4062.
5/12/2025.
.
.
 Habitat of Berteroa incana |
 Coll. No. 1056, Berteroa incana |
Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. Crossflower. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Annual, hairs 0, sparsely stalked-gland-dotted; Leaves basal, withered at flowering, cauline simple, not basally lobed or clasping; Flowers radial; Corolla purple; Stamens 6; Ovary linear when young; Fruit linear, bilateral, to 4 cm, seed in proximal 2.5 cm., tip pointed; Seeds in two rows, brown, 1 mm (Described from Coll. No. 301, 5 Nov 2012).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
3994.
4/30/2025.
.
.
Lepidium draba L. (Syn: Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. ) White Top, Hoary Cress. Weed: CO DofA, List: B. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial, herb, to 45 cm., spreading by rhizomes, hairs simple; Leaves, basal, not seen, cauline, sessile, base auriculate, 36 mm. × 12 mm. wide, oblanceolate, margin irregularly toothed, reduced above; Flowers, petals, white; Style, immature, 1 mm.; Fruit, silicle, immature, 1.3-1.5 mm. × 0.5-1.0 mm. wide, flattened, wings 0, glabrous, reticulate-veined (Described from Coll. No. 1366, 24 May 2016).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4020.
4/30/2025.
.
 White Top plants arising from a rhizome. |
 Habitat of Coll. No. 1366, Lepidium draba |
 Coll. No. 1874, Lepidium draba |
 Coll. No. 1366, Lepidium draba |
 Fruit of Coll. No. 1874, Lepidium draba |
Cactaceae
Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm. Western Pricklypear. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial cactus, not distinctly mat-forming; Stem, segments, 90 mm. × 60 mm. wide, flattened, bluish-green, areoles, #5-6 per diagonal row, spaced 8-14 mm., proximal, glochids only, distal, glochids and spines, spines, #2, #1, 28 mm., erect, brown to tan at tip, #1, 12 mm., recumbent, nearly white; Flowers, petals, 36 mm. × 22 mm. wide, wedge-shaped, color yellow; Stamens, many, 18 mm., yellow; Style, 20-24 mm., stout; Stigma, lobes, #6-8, 3 mm.; Fruit, 38 mm. × 17 mm. wide, narrow at base, fleshy, green, areoles, mix of glochids and short spines. (Described from Coll. No. 1948, 15 June 2018.)
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4035.
5/12/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 2371, Opuntia macrorhiza |
 Opuntia macrorhiza on Schweich Hill. |
 Obs. No. 1540, Opuntia macrorhiza |
 Coll. No. 1948, Opuntia macrorhiza |
Caprifoliaceae
Symphoricarpos rotundifolius A. Gray. (Syn: S. oreophilus A. Gray , S. rotundifolius A. Gray var. parishii (Rydb.) Dempster , S. rotundifolius A. Gray var. rotundifolius , S. vaccinioides Rydb. ) Roundleaf Snowberry. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Shrub, to 70 cm.; Leaves, opposite, 12 mm. × 9 mm. wide, ovate, margin entire; Inflorescence, terminal racemes on short branches; Calyx, 1.5 mm.; Corolla, tube 10 mm. + lobes 1.7 mm., color ochroleucus, few hairs near base of tube (around the style); Stamens, #5; Filaments, free 2 mm.; Ovary, inferior; Style, 3.5 mm., glabrous; Fruit, berry, white. Described from Coll. No. 1654, 1 Jun 2017.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4048.
5/12/2025.
.
Chenopodiaceae
Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. Four-wing Saltbush. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
3991.
4/30/2025.
4041.
5/12/2025.
4042.
5/12/2025.
4045.
5/12/2025.
reddish
4046.
5/12/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 3518, Atriplex canescens. |
 Coll. No. 3369, Atriplex canescens. |
 Detail of Coll. No. 721, Atriplex canescens var. canescens |
Chenopodium album L. Lambsquarters. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4044.
5/12/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 1750, Chenopodium album |
 Coll. No. 3203, Chenopodium album. |
 Coll. No. 1750, Chenopodium album |
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulus arvensis L. Field Bindweed. Weed: CO DofA, List: C. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4036.
5/12/2025.
.
 Habitat of Coll. No. 1220, Convolvulus arvensis |
 Coll. No. 1220, Convolvulus arvensis |
Elaeagnaceae
Elaeagnus angustifolia L. Russian Olive. Weed: CO DofA, List: B. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4040.
5/12/2025.
cut down, but sprouting from stumps
4055.
5/12/2025.
.
 Russian Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) on the other side of the trail. |
 Coll. No. 1645, Elaeagnus angustifolia |
 Coll. No. 1437, Elaeagnus angustifolia |
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia myrsinites L. (Syn: Tithymalus myrsinites (L.) Hill ) Myrtle Spurge. Weed: CO DofA, List: A. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4012.
4/30/2025.
.
Fabaceae
Medicago sativa L. Alfalfa. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve, 4008. 4/30/2025. . .
Pediomelum tenuiflorum (Pursh) A. N. Egan. (Syn: Psoralea tenuiflora Pursh , Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb. ) Slimflower Scurfpea. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4067.
5/12/2025.
.
 Pediomelum tenuiflorum |
 Pediomelum tenuiflorum |
Geraniaceae
Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. ex Aiton. Hemlock-leav'd Crane's-bill. Weed: CO DofA, List: C. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4007.
4/30/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 349, Erodium cicutarium |
 Coll. No. 1790, Erodium cicutarium |
 Coll. No. 2063.3, Erodium cicutarium |
 Coll. No. 2063.3, Erodium cicutarium |
 Coll. No. 2063.3, Erodium cicutarium |
Lamiaceae
Marrubium vulgare L. Horehound. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve, 4018. 4/30/2025. . .
Nepeta cataria L. Catnip. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Stem, square, hispid; Leaves, opposite, petiole, 8 mm., blade, 40 mm. × 19 mm. wide, reduced above, deltoid-chordate, margin, crenate, abaxial densely hispid, rather than tomentose per Ackerfield (2015), tip, acute; Inflorescence, flower clusters arising from axils, flowers pedicillate; Calyx, lobes sharply acute but lacking spines or bristles; Corolla, 2-lipped, white (Described from Coll. No. 2214, 29 August 2019).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve, 4030. 4/30/2025. .
Linaceae
Linum perenne L. (Syn: Adenolinum perenne (L.) Rchb. ) Blue Flax. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Weber & Wittmann (2012) distinguish between L. perenne and L. lewisii with the character of heterostyly in which some plants have styles longer than stamens and others with styles shorter than stamens. They apply homostyly to L. lewisii noting that the styles and stamens are approximately equal. My plants (Coll. No. 1383) consistently have styles longer than stamens. The key in Ackerfield (2015), based on plant structure and overall shape is not helpful because of the range of characters observed with this collection.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve, 4071. 5/12/2025. .
Malvaceae
Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. Cowboy's Delight. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4021.
4/30/2025.
4050.
5/12/2025.
4057.
5/12/2025.
.
 Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. On the lowest slopes of North Table Mountain. |
 Coll. No. 1423, Sphaeralcea coccinea |
Oleaceae
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall. Green Ash. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4063.
5/12/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 3015, Fraxinus pennsylvanica. |
Onagraceae
Oenothera howardii (A. Nels.) W. L. Wagner. Howard's Evening Primrose. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4065.
5/12/2025.
4066.
5/12/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 3396, Oenothera howardii. |
 Coll. No. 1430, Oenothera howardii |
Oenothera suffrutescens (Ser.) W. L. Wagner & Hoch. (Syn: Gaura coccinea Pursh , Gaura glabra Lehm. ) Linda Tarde. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Herbaceous perennial, to 60 cm.; Stipules absent; Leaves alternate, 25 mm. x 5 mm., lanceolate, few toothed; Inflorescence straight, open; Bracts 2-3 mm.; Buds erect; Sepals fused to tip in bud, all coming free, reflexed, 6 mm., not persistent after flowering; Hypanthium 6 mm.; Petals entire; Stamens 8, < stigma; Anthers maturing in unison with stigma; Ovary at flowering > distal internode (ergo infl. "open"); Stigma 4-lobed; Fruit 7 mm., stalk-like base 0, erect, fusiform, gradually wider at middle, puberulent, indehiscent; Seeds few, 2 mm., glabrous, not winged (Decribed from Coll. No. 317, keyed 15 Dec 2012).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4054.
5/12/2025.
4058.
5/12/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 317, Oenothera suffrutescens |
 Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1147, Oenothera suffrutescens |
 Overview of Coll. No. 1147, Oenothera suffrutescens |
 Coll. No. 1866, Oenothera suffrutescens |
Plantaginaceae
Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. (Syn: Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. ssp. dalmatica , Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. ssp. dalmatica (L.) Maire & Petitm. ) Dalmatian ToadFlax. Weed: CO DofA, List: B. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4003.
4/30/2025.
.
.
Penstemon Schmidel. Beard Tongue. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4019.
4/30/2025.
.
.
Penstemon secundiflorus Benth. Sidebells Penstemon. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4056.
5/12/2025.
.
.
Penstemon virens Pennell ex Rydb. Front Range Beardtongue. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4069.
5/12/2025.
.
Polygonaceae
Eriogonum effusum Nuttall, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. 4: 15. 1848. Spreading Buckwheat. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial herb, woody at base, to 30 cm., Stem, floccose; Leaves, cauline, petiole 5 mm. + blade 20-25 mm. × 2-6 mm. wide, generally tomentose, except less so adaxially, ±flat, margin entire, , withered at flowering; Inflorescence, open cyme; Involucre, 1 per node, 2 mm., tomentose; Perianth, without stipe; Tepals, 1.8 mm., white to pink, described as yellow in Ackerfield (2015) and FNAMN; Achene, unknown. (Described from Coll. No. 1507.1, 22 Jul 2016, Coll. Nos. 1537 & 1541, 18 Aug 2016.)
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4031.
4/30/2025.
.
.
Rumex crispus L. Curley Dock. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
3995.
4/30/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 2817, Rumex crispus |
 Coll. No. 818, Rumex crispus |
Ranunculaceae
Clematis L. Clematis. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve, nativity undetermined 4027. 4/30/2025. .
Rosaceae
Prunus americana Marshall. American Plum. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial woody shrub, spreading, to 2 m., blooming before leafing out; Branches, unarmed, glabrous when young, peeling to brown; Leaves, (immature, at time of flowering), simple, 15-19 mm. × 5.5-8 mm. wide, lanceolate or elliptic-rhomboid, pinnately veined, glabrous, margin toothed, teeth eglandular, base slightly hairy, petiole 3 mm., adaxially hairy; Flowers, in small groups of 2-3; Pedicels, 9-18 mm., glabrous to sparsely hairy; Hypanthium, 2 mm.; Sepals, 2.5-2.8 mm., reflexed, few cobwebby hairs adaxially; Petals, free, white, 5-7 mm. × 2.5-4.5 mm. wide; Stamens, many (30?); Ovary superior; Styles #1, 10 mm.; Fruit unknown (Described from Coll. No. 1093, 30 Apr 2015, and Coll. No. 1819, 16 May 2018).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4016.
4/30/2025.
4051.
5/12/2025.
.
.
Prunus virginiana L. Chokecherry. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
The most useful distinction is between chokecherries found east of the Rocky Mountains, var. virginiana and those found from the mountains westward, var. demissa. Plants of the High Plains show intergradation between those of the Rockies and those of the East.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
3996.
4/30/2025.
.
.
Rosa arkansana Porter. Prairie Rose. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Low-growing perennial, to 20 cm.; Stem, straight slender unequal prickles, present on new growth; Leaves, alternate, compound, leaflets (7)9-11, 20 mm. × 9 mm. wide, serrate, teeth dark-tipped, unclear whether there is glandular exudate, sparsely villous on both sides; Flowers, in clusters of 2-5; Sepals, 16 mm. × 3 mm. wide, abaxial, stalked glandular, adaxial, glandular hairy; Petals, 28 mm. × 21 mm. wide, color pink (Described from Coll. No. 1456, 27 June 2016).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4025.
4/30/2025.
.
 Coll. No. 3410, Rosa arkansana. |
 Coll. No. 3410, Rosa arkansana. |
 Coll. No. 1456, Rosa arkansana |
 Coll. No. 1670, Rosa arkansana |
 New growth of Coll. No. 1670, Rosa arkansana |
Sapindaceae
Acer negundo L. (Syn: Acer negundo L. var. interius (Britton) Sarg. , Negundo aceroides (L.) Moench ) Box Elder. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Tree, ±5 m.; Branches, young, soft short hairy (var. interius); Leaves, opposite, ternately compound, leaflets 3; Pistil 1; Stigma, branches 2; Fruit, 2 winged 1-seeded samaras. (Described from Coll. No. 1102, 11 May 2015).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4029.
4/30/2025.
4047.
5/12/2025.
.
Ulmaceae
Ulmus pumila L. Siberian Elm. Weed: CO DofA, List: C. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
3999.
4/30/2025.
.
 Figure 1. Composite photo of Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.) |
Violaceae
Viola nuttallii Pursh. Nuttall's Violet. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4049.
5/12/2025.
.
Asparagaceae
Yucca glauca Nutt. Soapweed Yucca. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4028.
4/30/2025.
.
 Yucca glauca “Soapweed Yucca” on Dakota Ridge. |
Poaceae
Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Crested Wheat Grass. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4015.
4/30/2025.
.
.
Andropogon gerardii Vitman. Big Bluestem. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial, to 85 cm., clumped, rhizomes unknown; Leaves, blade and sheath differentiated; Sheath, 11 cm., open; Ligule, membraneous (though surrounded by hairs), 3 mm., auricles 0; Blade, soft, flat, 27 cm., hairy near ligule; Inflorescence, 80 mm., > leaves, 1-2 per stem, in 5-6 digitate branches, spikelets many; Rachis, soft bristles on margins and at nodes; Disarticulation at nodes of rachis; Spikelets in pairs, Sterile spikelet, 7 mm., pedicel 4.5 mm.; Fertile spikelet, Florets #1, Glumes, awns 0, ±equal, lower keeled, upper flattened and grooved; Lemma, 6 mm., membraneous, rolled, glabrous, tip 2-forked, awn, #1, 13 mm., bent, twisted, attached on back; Stamens, 3; Anthers, yellow; Ovary, glabrous; Stigma, feathery. (Described from Coll. No. 1060, 28 Aug 2014).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4060.
5/12/2025.
.
.
 Dissected spikelet pair of Coll. No. 1060, Andropogon gerardii |
 Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1265, Andropogon gerardii |
 Spikelets of Coll. No. 1265, Andropogon gerardii |
Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths. (Syn: Chondrosum gracile Kunth ) Blue Grama. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4004.
4/30/2025.
.
.
Bromus tectorum L. (Syn: B. tectorum L. var. glabratus Spenn. ) Cheat Grass. Weed: CO DofA, List: C. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Annual grass, to 30 cm.; Leaves, Sheath, 50 mm., closed proximal ⅔, open distally, Ligule, membraneous, 1 mm.; Blade, 60 mm.; Inflorescence, open panicle, rachis and pedicels short hairy, Spikelets, 1 per node, 15 mm., laterally compressed; Glumes, 2, sparsely hairy, margins scarious, lower, 2.3 mm., veins indistinct, upper, 4.5 mm. Callus, glabrous, very short, Florets, ±6, Lemma, 6.5 mm., 0.7 from mid-vein to margin, back rounded, sparsely hairy, tip, forked, teeth 1 mm., awned from near tip, awn, 5-7 mm.; Anthers, 3, 0.4 mm. Described from Coll. No. 1112, 26 May 2015. Dimensions are small for B. tectorum, perhaps because of the early date of collection.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4037.
5/12/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1112, Bromus tectorum |
Festuca ovina L. Complex, hybrid or selection. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve, 4034. 5/12/2025. . .
Hesperostipa comata (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth. (Syn: Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. ) Needle and Thread. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
Perennial, 50 cm., clumped, nonrhizomatous; Roots, fibrous; Stem, herbaceous; Leaves, blade and sheath differentiated; Sheath, 100-120 mm., open ≥½, glabrous; Ligule, membranous, length 3.7 mm., lacerate into 2 equal parts, auricles 0; Blade, 60 mm., involute, glabrous; Inflorescence, 1 per culm, >leaves, panicle, 200 mm. × 30 mm. wide; Rachis, not extended, somewhat scabrous throughout; Spikelets, many, similar, borne singly; Compression, unremarkable; Disarticulation, above the glumes; Glumes, lower, 23-34 mm., veins #3, upper, 23-29 mm., veins #5, awl-shaped, rounded, membranous, ±equal, tip, very narrow, not awned; Florets, 1 per spikelet; Callus, 4.5-50 mm., sharp, straight hairs 1.0-1.5 mm., color tan; Lemma, 9.5-10.0 mm., rolled, indurate, straight hairy 0.5 mm., color white-tan, veins #3(?), awns, #1, 125-160 mm., twisted and short straight hairy proximal 45 mm., bent, scabrous distally; Palea, 9 mm., ±lemma, few white hairs on mid-vein; Stamens, #3; Anthers, 6.5 mm. (Described from Coll. No. 1890, 28 May 2018).
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4043.
5/12/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 992, Stipa comata var. comata |
 Coll. No. 1929, Hesperostipa comata |
 Florets of Coll. No. 1890, Hesperostipa comata |
Poa bulbosa L. Bulbous Bluegrass. Weed: CO DofA, List: C. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve,
4033.
5/12/2025.
.
.
 Coll. No. 1114, Poa bulbosa, bulbus bases of culms. |
 Florets of Coll. No. 1114, Poa bulbosa. |
 Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1114, Poa bulbosa. |
Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash. Little Bluestem. CalPhotos. Jepson eFlora. SEINet Taxon.
- Parfet Prehistoric Preserve, 4061. 5/12/2025. .
| Total number of taxa: | 66 |
| Native Taxa: (serif, italic, bold) | 35 |
| Non-native Taxa: (sans-serif, italic) | 28 |
| Nativity Undetermined: (default font, italic) | 3 |
| Listed Weeds: Identified as Weed | 13 |
Notes:
† -- Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/).
‡ -- Southwest Environmental Information Network, SEINet. 2009-2014. http//:swbiodiversity.org/seinet/index.php. Accessed from July 2009 to September 2014.
Locations Included in This Area
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Date and time this article was prepared: 11/3/2026 12:19:43 PM.
