Edited by Tom Schweich  

Polygonum polygaloides Meisn.

Meisner in DC., Prodr. 14(1): 101 (1856) ...

19. P. polygaloides, nanum, glabrum, caule erecto tenui pauciramoso, ochreis hyalinis bipartitis laceris 3-nerviis, foliis anguste linearibus acutis 1-nerviis planis, spicis terminalibus densifloris ovato-oblongis basi folio fultis, bracteis imbricato- adpressis floro majoribus prominulo-1-nerviis medio circumscripte viridibus mar- gine albido-membranaceis, calyce parvo 5-partito carinato-trigono, achienio inclso triquetro, faciebus ovato-oblongis granulato-striatis opacis. ☉ In Clear-Water, Oregon (Spalding !). Plantula insignis, facie Polygolarum quarumdam, v. g. P. Monspeliensis, caule digitali tereti levi, infra nodos ángulato, ochreis basi fuscescentibus 2-3 lin., foliis 6-12 lin. longis, ⅓ lin. lalis, margine subtus obsolete nerviformi. Spicae 5-7 lin., bracteae demum: 2 lin. longae, 1 lin. latae, maculá viridi lineari-lanceolatá utrinque acutíá. Flores semiherbacei, 8-andri. Braeteae hujus speciei revera folia sunt, margine scarioso aucta, et basi ochrcam genuinam (caulinis omnino similem) gerunt. (v. s. in h. DC.)

Polygonum polygaloides Meissner ssp. kelloggii (E. Greene) Hickman

Greene, E. L. (1891) description in Flora Franciscana ...

6. P. Kelloggii. Erect, slender, simple or with a few widely divergent branches from the base, 1 — 3 in. high, the internodes very short, scarcely equalling the lobes of the sheaths, the whole plant glabrous : leaves linear, acute, ¼—½ in. long, almost divaricately spreading, never imbricated, not much smaller at the summits of the branches than below, all the axils floriferous : fl. several at each node, subsessile, ¾ line long, greenish : achene ½ line long, light brown, smooth or obscurely striate, the face rhombic-ovate. — Common in the Donner Lake region of the Sierra ; near P. imbricatum, but with spreading and equal leaves, no distinct inflorescence, the achenes light chestnut-brown. It is in the State Survey collection under n. 6005. Aug.— Oct.

Small, J. K. (1895) ...

[Plate 54.]

54. Polygonum Kelloggii Greene.

Polygonum Kelloggii Greene, Fl. Francis. 134 (1891).

Polygonum coardatum var. minus Meisner in DC. Prodr. 14 : 101 (1856), not P. minus Huds.; S. Watson, Bot. King's Exp. 316.

Annual, low, slender, glabrous throughout, somewhat scurfy. Stem mostly erect, 1-5 cm. long, divergently branched from near the base, more or less four-angled, in some cases slightly winged, internodes of the branches very short; leaves linear or linear- lanceolate, .4-1 cm. long, 1-2 mm. broad, acute, sessile, crowded on the branches but spreading and not imbricated, much the same size throughout, joined to the ocreae by inconspicuous articulations; ocreae funnelform, 1-2 mm. long, oblique, thin and early lacerate ; inflorescence axillary, consisting of clusters with several flowers, almost contigu- ous on account of the very short internodes, the branches appearing like leafy racemes ; pedicels .5 mm. long; calyx green, nearly 2 mm. long, five-parted to near the base, the segments oblofig, obtuse, with whitish or cream-colored margins; stamens about five, included; style often almost wanting; achene triquetrous, 1.5 mm. long, rhombic-ovoid, light-brown, granular, somewhat striate, dull.

Washington south to California and Colorado.

Hickman, James C. 1984. Nomenclatural Changes in Persicaria, Polygonum, and Rumex (Polygonaceae) Madroño 31(4), October 1984, pp. 249-252.

Polygonum polygaloides Meissner subsp. kelloggii (E. Greene) Hickman, stat. et comb. nov. — Polygonum kelloggii E. Greene, Fl. Fran. 134. 1891. — Type: only “State survey ...n. 6005” [Brewer], which has not been located, is mentioned in protologue, apparently without intent to consider it the type, but (CA, Nevada Co.) “Near Donner Lake,” Kellogg s.n., in 1870 (ND-G!) is labelled “type!’ in Greene’s hand. It is here considered holotype. Akenes of Kellogg are somewhat striate and to that extent intermediate to subsp. confertiflorum.

Silene menziesii Hook

Hooker, William Jackson, Sir, (1830) Flora boreali-americana, or, the botany of the northern parts of British America : compiled principally from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson & Mr. Drummond on the late northern expeditions, under command of Captain Sir John Franklin, R.N. To which are added (by permission of the Horticultural society of London,) those of Mr. Douglas, from north-west America, and of other naturalists

Sect. VII. Caulescentes. Pedunculi axillares; pedicelli elongati.

10. S. Menziesii ; pubescens, caule erecto ramoso dichotomo, foliis lato lanceolatis basi apiceque acuminatis, pedunculis axillaribus folium vix superantibus, floribus parvis, calycibus obovatis 5-fidis, petalorum limbo bipartito laciniis linearibus. (???. ???.)

Tota planta tenera, pube brevi, minuto obtecta. Caules spithamaei ad pedalem, erecti, flexuosi, teretes, subdense foliosi. Folia opposita, bi-rarius triuncialia, patentia, lanceolata, uninervia, basi attenuata, sed inferiora solummodo subpetiolata ; reliqua sessilia, apice in acumen subpungens attenuata. Pedunculi sub-biunciales, foliis vix longiores, graciles, simplices, erecti, alterni vel plerumque oppositi, nudi, nisi supremi, qui bibracteati. Flores magnitudine Silenis quadridentatae. Calyx oblongo-obovatus, basi subattenuatus, apice profunde 5-dentatus seu quinquefidus, dentibus vel paululum obscure decemcostatus, pubescens. Petala 5, calyce multo longiora, alba, unguiculata, corona nulla, limbo bupartito, laciniis linearibus, obtusis. Stamina pistillumque anthophoro, germinis longitudine, suffulta. Filamenta 10, subaequalia, exerta : Antherae oblongo-ovales. Germen ovale, obtusum. Styli tres, petalorum unguibus vix longiores. Capsula membranacea, calyce minor. Semina subtriginta.

Hab. North-West Coast of America. Mr. Menzies. Straits of Juan de Fuca, in lat. 48°. Dr. Scouler. Under the shade of solitary pines, on the low hills of the Oakanagan. Douglas. Portage d' embarras, Slave River. Dr. Richardson. — This species is totally unlike any other with which I am acquainted, somewhat resembling a slender state of Saponaria ocymoides, nor indeed does it accord with any of the divisional characters of the genus given by De Candolle: for here the peduncles are throughout solitary and single-flowered, and the stem is leafy to the very summit. Dr. Richardson's specimens are smaller than those from the east side of the Rocky Mountains, and have fewer flowers: but they are not otherwise different.

???. XXX. Plants:—natural size. Fig. 1, Flower; fig. 2, Stamens, pistil, and their stalk; fig. 3, Capsule : —magnified.

Jurgens studied floral morphometrics in Caryophylloideae …

Taxa studied by Jurgens (2006) that are native to Colorado.

• Silene acaulis

Taxa studied by Jurgens (2006) that are introduced to Colorado.

• Dianthus armeria
• Dianthus deltoides
• Saponaria ocymoides
• Saponaria officinalis
• Vaccaria hispanica
• Agrostemma gothago
• Silene dichotoma
• Silene latifolia
• Silene noctiflora
• Silene vulgaris

Gayophytum racemosum Torr. & A. Gray. Blackfoot Groundsmoke

Torrey & A. Gray. 1840. Fl. N. Amer. 1(3): 514 ...

4. G. racemosum : glabrous, branching from the base; the branches mostly simple, ascending ; leaves short, linear, rather obtuse ; flowers (very minute) axillary throughout the branches ; segments of the calyx about the length of the petals, slightly exceeding the longer stamens ; shorter stamens with minute sterile anthers; capsules longer than the leaves, linear, rather obtuse, straight or slightly curved, tapering at the base into a very short pedicel. — Œnothera (Trichomeria) racemosa, Nutt. ! mss.

Elevated plains of the Rocky Mountains near Black-Foot River, Nuttall! July. — Stems 4-8 inches high. Capsules half an inch long, very slender, minutely torulose. — Resembles the preceding.

The preceding was Gayophytum caesium, now treated as a synonym of G. racemosum.

16 Feb 2025: Just for fun, I asked CHATGPT the following:

Thomas Nuttall traveled across North America on the Oregon Trail in 1834. Along the way, he collected a plant at a location he described as "Elevated plains of the Rocky Mountains near Black-Foot River" What name would we apply to that river today? Where might that collection have been made?

The answer was:

The "Black-Foot River" mentioned by Thomas Nuttall in 1834 is most likely the Blackfoot River in present-day Montana. This river is located in the Rocky Mountain region and aligns with Nuttall's description of "elevated plains near the Rocky Mountains."

As for the possible location of his plant collection, it was likely made somewhere in western Montana, possibly in the vicinity of where the Blackfoot River flows eastward from the mountains near the Continental Divide before joining the Clark Fork River. This area is characterized by a mix of montane and prairie ecosystems, making it a rich region for botanical exploration.

Nuttall was known for his extensive plant collection, and this area would have been an excellent spot to document new species during his journey westward along the Oregon Trail.

Cymopterus lemmonii (J.M.Coult. & Rose) Dorn

• Thaspium montanum A.Gray in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s., 4: 57 (1849)
• Ligusticum montanum (A.Gray) A.Gray in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, ser. 2, 4: 57 (1868), nom. illeg.
• Cymopterus lemmonii (A.Gray) J.M.Coult. & Rose in Rev. N. Amer. Umbell.: 74 (1888)
• Peucedanum lemmonii J.M.Coult. & Rose in Bot. Gaz. 14: 277 (1889)
• Lomatium lemmonii (J.M.Coult. & Rose) J.M.Coult. & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 7: 231 (1900)
• Cymopterus lemmonii (J.M.Coult. & Rose) Dorn

Gray, A. 1849. Plantae Fendlerianae Novi-Mexicanae :an account of a collection of plants made chiefly in the vicinity of Santa Fe´ New Mexico, by Augustus Fendler

276. Thaspium? montanum (sp. nov.): glaberrimum; caule erecto gracili e radice fusiformi crassa ; foliis biternatisectis, foliolis cuneiformibus trifidis, lobis oblongis lanceolatisve nunc linearibus integris vel majoribus incisis ; petiolis longe spathaceo-dilatatis ; involucro nullo; inyolucello e foliolis circ. 9 setaceis inaequalibus pedicellos aquantibus. — Sunny declivities, at the foot of mountains, along Santa Fé Creek; April and July. — There are two forms in the collection ; one, probably the vernal state, is only a span high, with the leaves cut into linear or lanceolate divisions; the other, probably gathered in July, is a foot or two in height and with coarser foliage. There is apparently no other distinction. The base of the stem is clothed with brown vestiges of radical sheaths. The flowers are bright yellow. One specimen exhibits half-grown fruit, which agrees very well with Thaspium, except that the dorsal wings are rudimentary : the intervals show single or double vitte.

However, Torrey & Gray had previously proposed Cymopterus montanus Torr. & A. Gray (1840) from a Nuttall manuscript under Phellopterus, found on “High bare plains of the Platte, towards the Rocky Mountains.” We now place this in Vesper montanus (Torr. & A.Gray) R.L.Hartm. & G.L.Nesom. Under our current rules, this makes montanus unavailable for our plant found by Fendler.

Asa Gray. 1867. Characters of New Plants of California and Elsewhere, principally of those collected by H. N. Bolander in the State Geological Survey. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Vol. VII. (from May 1865 to May 1868) June 11, 1867. p. 347 of pp. 327-401.

Ligusticum montanum = Thaspium ? montanum, Gray, Pl. Fendl., Pl. Wright, &c., (referred to Ligusticum by Bentham and Hooker, but by their characters should be a Selinum,) has mericarps in some specimens almost orbicular, including the broad marginal wings, in others oblong-oval ; in both the strong vittae are sometimes single, sometimes double. The foliage is very variable for one and the same species ; but the form with long and slender divisions to the leaves shows fruit of both shapes.

Pseudocymopterus montanus J.M.Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. Amer. Umbell. 74, f. 73 (1888).

17. PSEUDOCYMOPTERUS. — Mostly low (often cespitose) glabrous perennials from a thick elongated root, with bipinnate leaves (shorter than the peduncles), no involucre, and involucels of narrow bractlets mostly longer than the white or yellow flowers.

This genus is constructed to contain a species that has been referred doubtfully to Thaspium and Ligusticum, and two others that have been referred to Cymopterus. That P. montanus should be referred to Thaspium is no longer held. It seems generically distinct from Ligusticum on acount of its broad lateral fruit-wings and irregular dorsal and intermediate ribs, dorsal flattening of the fruit, depressed stylopodium, often solitary oil-tubes, and yellow flowers. P. bipinnatus and P. anisatus are distinct from Cymopterus on account of their smaller fruit, which does not have broad dorsal and intermediate wings, is dorsally flattened, and contains prominent strengthening cells. The three species form a well-defined genus.

1. P. montanus. Stem erect, slender, 1 to 2 feet high: leaves mostly with broad outline; leaflets cut into 3 or 5 oblong or lanceolate segments, the upper often entire: umbel to 12-rayed, with involucels of linear or setaceous bractlets longer than the yellow flowers; rays 6 to 9 lines long; pedicels about a line long: fruit broadly oblong, about 2 lines long, with lateral wings (not cohering) almost as broad as body, the dorsal and intermediates very variable (either ribbed or narrowly winged): oil-lubes 1 to 4 in the intervals, 4 to 6 on the comissural side: seed-face plane.

(Fig. 73.) — Thaspium (?) montanum Gray, Pl. Fendl. 57. Ligusticum montanum Benth. & Hook. Gen. Plant, i. 912 and 914.

Colorado. New Mexico, and Arizona.

Widely variable, especially in its foliage. The following are the extreme forms:

Var. tenuifolius. …

Var. purpureus …

Peucedanum lemmonii J.M.Coult. & Rose, First published in Bot. Gaz. 14: 277 (1889)

Peudedanum Lemmoni. Caulescent, with most of the leaves near the base, 12 to 15 in. high, clothed at base old leaf sheaths, from an elongated rather slender root, glabrous; leaves broad triangular in outline (5 to 8 in. long including petiole), twice or thrice pinnate (or so broad as to appear at first ternate), the ultimate segments linear (1 to 2 in. long); uppermost leaves much smaller and simply pinnate: umbel 6 to 8-rayed, with no involucre, and involucels of a few almost filiform bractlets ; rays short (3 to 7 lines long), making the fruits appear in a head-like cluster ; pedicels a line long : flowers white (?) :fruit oblong, glabrous, 2½ lines long, scarcely 2 lines broad, with thickish wings about half as broad as body, and distinct dorsal and intermediate ribs: oil- tubes solitary in the dorsal intervals, 2 or 3 in the lateral, 4 on the commissural side: seed-face plane.

Huachuca Mountains, S. E. Arizona, Fund, 1887 (Lemmon 392).

The appearance of the leaves of this species is quite unusual for Peucedanum, but its affinities with that genus are clear. The specific relationship is not so clear. Mr. Lemmon writes that the plant seems very rare.

Coulter, John M., and J. N. Rose. 1900. Monograph of the North American Umbelliferae Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium Vol. VII.

Coulter & Rose (1900) continued to accept Pseudocymopterus montanus and placed Peucedanum lemmonii under Lomatium lemmonii. Thus we have the same plants under two names.

[p. 188]

1. Pseudocymopterus montanus (Gray) C. & R. Rey. N. Am. Umbell. 74. 1888. Fig. 56.

Thaspium(?) montanum Gray, Pl. Fendl. 57. 1849. Ligusticum montanum Benth. & Hook. in Watson Bibliog. Index, 426. 1878.

Stem erect, slender, 3 to 6 dm. high, more or less leafy, glabrous except at the base of the umbel or on the rays; the bipinnate leaves mostly with broad outline; leaflets exceedingly variable, variously cut or entire; umbel 6 to 12-rayed, with involucels of linear or setaceous bractlets longer than the yellow flowers; rays 12 to 30mm. long; pedicels about 2 mm. long; fruit broadly oblong, 4 to 5 mm. long, with lateral wings almost as broad as body, the dorsal and intermediates very variable (either ribbed or narrowly winged); oil tubes 1 to 4 in the intervals, 4 to 6 on the commissural side; seed much flattened.

Type locality, “Sunny declivities, at the foot of mountains, along Santa Fe Creek,” New Mexico; collected by Fendler, no. 276: type in U.S. Nat. Herb.

From New Mexico and Arizona to Utah, Colorado, and western Wyoming.

Specimens examined :

New Mexico: Type specimens as cited under type locality; Santa Fe Canyon, near Santa Fe (type locality), altitude 2,400 meters, 4. A. A & E. Gertrude Heller 3651, June 2, 1897; White Mountains, Lincoln County, altitude 2,250 meters, Wooton 350, August 15, 1897,

Arizona: Flagstaff, Jones 4016, August 7, 1884; same station, Tracy 236, June 24, 1887; about Mormon Lake, altitude 1,800 meters, Mac Dougal 106, June 12, 1898.

Utah: Ward 330, 494, in 1875; Marysvale and Panguitch Lake, altitude 2,520 to 2,670 meters, Jones 5367, 6015, June and September, 1894.

Colorado: Halfmoon Creek, Union Creek Pass (altitude 3,600 meters), Lake Creek, and Clear Creek, Wolf 716, 719, 720, 724, June-August, 1873; North Park, Sheldon 124, July 28, 1884; Durango, Alice Eastwood, June 7, 1890; Cameron Pass, altitude 3,600 meters, Crandall, September 1, 1890; Williams Canyon, altitude 2,100 meters, Crandall, May 27, 1892; Middle Park, Beardslee 125, August, 1892; Rabbit Ear Range, altitude 2,940 meters, Crandall, July 20, 1894; Telluride, altitude 3,240 meters, Tweedy 204, August 25, 1894; Leadville, Osterhout, June, 1895; Gore Mountains, altitude 2,850 meters, Bethel, August, 1895; Leadville and Breckenridge, altitude 3,000 to 3,150 meters, Holzinger 1, 2, May-June, 1896; Cameron Pass, altitude 3,000 meters, Baker 5, July 18, 1896; Pikes Peak, altitude 2,520 meters, Knowlton 3, June 14, 1896: hills above Mancos (altitude 2,400 to 2,700 meters), and Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains (altitude 3,690 meters), Baker, Earle & Tracy 137, 619, June-July, 1898.

Wyoming: Saw Mill Creek and Laramie Hills, Nelson 1258, May, 1894 and 1895; Madison River, Yellowstone Park, A. & E. Nelson 5496, June 23. 1899.

Extremely variable, but the two following forms seem to be worthy of varietal rank:

… refers to var. tenuifolius and var. purpureus.

[p.231]

…

41. Lomatium lemmoni C. & R.

Peucedanum lemmoni C. & R. Bot. Gaz. 14: 277. 1889.

Caulescent, with most of the leaves near the base, 3 to 4 dm. high, clothed at base with old leaf sheaths, from an elongated rather slender root, glabrous; leaves broad triangular in outline, 12.5 to 20 cm, long, including petiole, twice or thrice pinnate (or so broad as to appear at first ternate); the ultimate segments linear, 2.5 to 5 em, long; upper- most leaves much smaller and simply pinnate; umbel 6 to 8-rayed, with involucels of a few almost filiform bractlets; rays short, 6 to 14 mm. long, making the fruits appear in a head-like cluster; pedicels 2 mm. long; flowers white (4); fruit oblong, glabrous, 5 mm. long, scarcely 4 mm. broad, with thickish wings about half as broad as body, and distinct dorsal and intermediate ribs; oil tubes solitary in the dorsal intervals, 2 or 3 in the lateral, 4 to 6 on the commissural side; seed face plane.

Type locality, “Huachuca Mountains,” southeast Arizona; collected by Lemmon, no. 392, June, 1887; type in U.S. Nat. Herb.

Only known from the type locality.

Specimens examined: Arizona: Type specimens as cited under type locality.

Rydberg, Per Axel. 1913. Studies on the Rocky Mountain flora — XXVIII Bulletin of the Torrey Btanical Club, 40:73-74. pp. 70-71.

PSEUDOCYMOPTERUS C. & R.

This genus is one of the most unnatural in Coulter & Rose's Monograph. Jones* called attention to this fact, although he included the genus, as well as Oreoxys, Rhysopterus, Aulospermum, and Pteryxia in Cymopterus, and does not go to the bottom of the facts. The genus as constituted by Coulter and Rose contains at least three distinct groups of plants of little relationship to each other. The first group contains Pseudocymopterus montanus and its close relatives; the second of P. anisatus and P. aletifolius, and perhaps P. Hendersonii, which I do not know; and the third of P. bipinnatus and probably Cymopterus nivalis S. Wats., of which the fruit is unknown. P. montanus is the type of the genus, which latter therefore must be restricted to it and its relatives. Jones includes P. anisatus and P. bipinnatus in his section Oreoxis, but the genus Oreoxis has all ribs corky and the lateral ones scarcely more prominent than the dorsal ones, the fruit is not flattened dorsally, the styles and sepals are erect. In Pseudocymopterus anisatus the lateral wings are very prominent, the dorsal ribs narrowly winged or some of them merely acute, the styles are recurved, the sepals spreading and one or two of them larger than the rest, and the fruit is decidedly flattened dorsally. The plant is more related to Aletes than to Oreoxis, and P. aletifolius connects it with that genus. It can not be placed in Aletes, however, for in that genus the fruit is not compressed and the ribs not winged. It would be much better to include P. anisatus and P. aletifolius in Pteryxia, as they have the foliage and nearly the same fruit as in that genus, but the strictly acaulescent plant, the narrow and thick wings of the fruit and the very prominent and unequal calyx-teeth would make it rather abnormal even in that genus. Although it does not differ so much in the technical characters of the fruit from the typical Pseudocymopterus, the habit is quite different, so also the texture of the leaves, and in Pseudocymopterus the sepals are minute. It is better to regard P. anisatus as a type of a new genus.

*Cont. West. Bot. 12: 24-29. 1908.

Kearney, Thomas H. (Thomas Henry), 1874-1956. Peebles, Robert H. (Robert Hibbs), 1900-1956. 1942. p. 654. Flowering plants and ferns of Arizona Miscellaneous publication / United States Department of Agriculture, no. 423 https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/65599 Washington, D.C, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1942

This is the first publication I have found that recognizes that Pseudocymopterus montanus and Peucedanum lemmonii are the same plant, i.e., that joins the specific epithets of montanus and lemmonii, when the authors place Peucedanum lemmonii in synonomy with Pseudosymopterus montanus.

1. Pseudocymopterus montanus (A. Gray) Coult. and Rose, Rev. North Amer. Umbell. 74. 1888.

Thaspium (?) montanum A. Gray, Amer. Acad. Arts and Sci. Mem. ser. 2, 4: 57. 1849. Peucedanum lemmoni Coult. and Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 277. 1889. Lomatium lemmoni Coult. and Rose, Contrib. U. S. Natl. Herbarium 7: 231. 1900. Pseudocymopterus multifidus Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 33:147. 1906. Pseudocymopterus purpureus (Coult. and Rose) Rydb., ibid. Pseudocymopterus tenuifolius (A. Gray) Rydb., ibid.

Apache County to Coconino County, south to Cochise and Pima Counties, 5,500 to 12,000 feet, common in pine woods. Southern Wyoming to western Utah, south to northern Mexico.

This species is exceedingly variable in vegetative characters, such as leaf division, shape and size of. the ultimate segments, and height of growth. These characters are governed to a great extent by the habitat of the individual plant. The flower color sometimes varies on the same plant from yellow, through orange purple, to purple. In some individuals the dorsal wings of the fruit are absent through abortion.

Dorn (1977) first published Cymopterus lemmonii (J.M.Coult. & Rose) Dorn. This publication is not available online, so I have not seen it.

I assume that Dorn pointed out that the specific epithet montanus was unavailable for our plant. The next specific epithet that was available was lemmonii.

Utah Flora (2 ed., Welsh, et al., 1993) treats our plant as Cymopterus lemmonii (Coulter & Rose) Dorn.

Weber & Wittmann (2012) treats our plant as Pseudocymopterus montanus (A. Gray) Coulter & Rose.

Flora of Colorado (1st ed., Ackerfield, 2015) treats our plant as Cymopterus lemmonii (J. M. Coult. & Rose) Dorn, placing Pseudocymopterus montanus (A. Gray) J. M. Coult. & Rose in synonomy.

Flora Neomexicana (2 ed., Allred & Jercinovic, 2020, v. III, Part 2, p. 55) places our plant in Cymopterus lemmonii (Coulter & Rose) Dorn.

Flora of Colorado (2 ed., Ackerfield, 2022) treats our plant as Pseudocymopterus montanus (A. Gray) J. M. Coult. & Rose placing Cymopterus lemmonii (J. M. Coult & Rose) Dorn in synonomy.

Ligusticum tenuifolium S. Watson

Watson (1876,p. 140) in Watson, Sereno. 1876 VI. Botanical Contributions (pp. 105-148), 3. Description of New Species of Plants, chiefly Californian, with Revision of certain Genera (pp. 121-148). Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. New Series, Vol. III. Whole Series. Vol. XI. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35728#page/148/

LIGUSTICUM FILICINUM. Rather slender, erect, a foot and a half high : leaves broadly triangular in outline, ternate, the divisions bipinnate, and the segments deeply pinnatifid with linear acute lobes : rays 10 to 15, an inch or two long; involucre none ; involucels of one or few small linear bracts ; pedicels slender : fruit oblong, three lines long, with dilated crenate disk but obscure stylophore, strongly ribbed on the back, the lateral ribs narrow; vittte obscure: seed flattened, concave on the face, obscurely ridged on the back. — L. apiifolium, Watson, Bot. King's Rep. 125. L. scopulorum, Parry in Am. Naturalist, 9. 271. In the Wahsatch and Uintah Mountains (n. 454 Watson ; n. 82 Parry, S. Utah collection), and northward to Wyoming (n. 121 Parry, N. W. Wyoming collection). Both L. apiifolium, of Oregon and California, and L. scopulorum, of Colorado, have much less dissected foliage, and different fruit, which is shorter and more oval, with conical stylophore, less flattened carpels, and a medial longitudinal ridge upon the face of the seed. These two species are very similar, but the latter has the more broadly winged ovate fruit, and the more depressed seed. There are indications of one or two other species, but fruit is needed for their confirmation.

Watson (1879, p. 293) in Watson, Sereno. 1879. 2. Descriptions of some new Species of North American Plants. pp. 288-203. XV. Contributions to American Botany, pp. 213-303. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. New Series, Vol. VI. Whole Series. Vol. XIV,

Ligusticum tenuifolium. Stem slender, 12 to 18 inches high, naked above the base or with a single sessile leaf, and bearing a single naked umbel with rarely a lateral sterile one : leaves small (2 or 3 inches long), ternate and pinnately decompound, finely dissected with laciniately divided leaflets, the ultimate segments linear, a line or two long: rays few (7 to 11), an inch long or less : involucels of 1 or 2 narrowly linear bracts : fruit (scarcely mature) oblong, 2 lines long, narrowly ribbed, with narrow disk and conical styliphore : seed concavo-convex. — Mountains of Colorado ; Hall & Harbour (n. 216, in part) ; Wolf & Rothrock, n. 721. Leaves much more finely divided even than in L. filicinum, and fruit very different.

Mathias & Constance (1941, p. 123) in Mathias, Mildred E. and Lincoln Constance. 1941. New Combinations and New Names in the Umbelliferae. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 68(2)

Ligusticum filicinum Wats, var. tenuifolium (Wats.) Mathias & Constance, comb. nov. Ligusticum tenuifolium Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 293. 1879. Ligusticum oreganum Coult. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 138. 1900

Goodrich (1986, p. 90) in Goodrich, Sherel. 1986. Utah Flora: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) The Great Basin Naturalist. 46. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7797254#page/79/

Ligusticum tenuifolium Wats. Small Ligusticum; Slender-leaf Ligusticum. [L. filicinum var. tenuifolium (Wats.) Mathias & Const. ]. Plants 11-64 cm tall, glabrous mildly aromatic from a taproot, the crown more or less covered by short shredded old leaf bases; leaves basal and sometimes 1 or 2 cauline, ternate and then 2—3 times pinnate with 5—7 pairs of lateral primary leaflets; petioles 1.2-13.5 em long; blades 3-19 cm long, completely dissected, ovate in outline; lowest pair of primary leaflets about 1/2 to 2/3 as long as the blade, on petiolules (0.5) 1-4 cm long, the upper primary leaflets progressively reduced, the ultimate segments 2-9 mm long, 0.5-1.5 (2.5) mm wide; scapes or peduncles 10—45 (61) em long; involucre lacking; umbel solitary or the terminal one sometimes subtended by a lateral 1 (very rarely 2) that usually arises from the axil of a reduced leaf; rays 6—15, 0.5—3.6 cm long; involucels lacking or of 1—3 filiform- linear bractlets to 3 mm long; pedicels 2—4 mm long; calyx obsolete; petals about 1 mm long, white, sometimes tinged with light purple in age; stylopodium evident, conic; styles 0.5—0.8 mm; fruit about 3-5 mm long. Moist and wet meadows, along streams in lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce woods at 2,440 to 3,420 m, common across the Uinta Mountains, in Daggett, Duchesne, Summit, Uintah, and Wasatch counties; northeast Oregon to western Montana south to Colorado and Uinta Mountains of Utah; 37 (xviii). Through a series of features (none of which are exclusive), plants of L. tenuifolium are readily distinguished from those of L. filicinum. The two taxa are sympatric in the western Uinta Mountains, where somewhat intermediate specimens occur, but the range of overlap is small and few specimens seem intermediate.

Ackerfield (2015, p. 85; 2022, p. 98) is consistent,

2a. Plants generally 5-13 dm tall, relatively robust, caulescent with 1 or more well-developed stem leaves; fruit 5-8 mm. long. …L. filicinum

2b. Plants generally small and slender, 1-7 dm tall, scapose or subscapose with 1 stem leaf that is much reduced or lacking all together; fruit 2-5 mm. long. … L. tenuifolium.

Plants of the World uses the World Checklist of Vascular Plants.

The SEINet (2024) taxon tree accepts both L. tenuifolium and L. filicinum var. tenuifolium

Apiaceae Lindl. Apioideae (Drude) Thorne ex Royen Ligusticum L. ... Ligusticum filicinum S. Watson Ligusticum filicinum var. filicinum S. Watson Ligusticum filicinum var. tenuifolium (S. Watson) Mathias & Constance ... Ligusticum tenuifolium S. Watson

Oxypolis fendleri (A. Gray) Heller

Archemora fendleri A.Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts n.s. 4: 56 (1849).

272. Archemora Fendleri (sp. nov.) : radice fasciculato-tuberosa; caule simplici ; foliis pinnatis 5—7-foliolatis ; petiolis basi spathaceis; foliolis oblongo-ovatis obtusis vel fol. supremorum lanceolatis inciso-serratis utrinque viridibus ; involucellis nullis; fructibus parvulis angusto-alatis. — Margins of Santa Fé Creek, in fertile soil; June, July. — This is clearly a congener of Archemora rigida, although it wants the involucels. The root consists of three or four oblong, fasciculated, and pendulous tubers about an inch long. Stem slender, one to two feet high. Cauline leaves two or three. Leaflets three fourths of an inch to an inch and a half long; those of the radical and lower cauline leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse ; all incisely serrate throughout ; not barely 2 —3-toothed, as in A. rigida. Umbel small. Fruit hardly two lines in length, oval; the wing-like margins narrower than the disk. Vitte of the commissure four, of which two are shorter, as is often the case in A. rigida.

It is not entirely clear, however, I think Archemora rigida is probably a synynonym of Oxypolis rigidior (L.) Raf. The basionym is Sium rigidus L.

Heller, A. A. 1897. Notes on Plants of New Mexico. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 24(10). pp. 477-479

Oxypolis Fendleri (A. Gray).

Archemora Fendleri A. Gray, Mem. Am: Acad. (II) 2: 1849.

The original of this species is Fendler’s no. 272, collected on “margins of Santa Fe Creek, in fertile soil.” Our no. 3801 was obtained in similar situations, always growing on the very edge of the stream, or in wet, marshy places. It was first noticed at a point eight miles east of Santa Fe, and is scattered at intervals along the upper part of the stream, which rises in the mountains some twenty miles from the town.

Bouteloua Lag.

La Gasca (1805) described a new genus Bouteloua and 4 species, including B. simplex, below.

… Las quatro especies de este nuevo genero se debel al zelo y actividad del infatigable viagero Son Luis Nee, quien las collecto en la Nueva España, y en las Islas Filipinas. Tre de ellas las he visto vivas en el Real Jardin Botanica, donde se cultivan actualmente.	… The four species of this new genus are due to zeal and activity of the tireless traveler Don Luis Nee, who collected them in New Spain, and in the Philippine Islands. I have seen three of them alive in the Real Jardin Botanica, where they are currently grown.	p. 133
…	…
(1) Dedico este genero, que sin duda contiene especies utiles para la agricultura, a los Señores Don Claudio Boutelou, Profesor segundo, y Jardinero mayor del Real Jardi Botanico de Madrid, y a Don Esteban su hermano, Jardinero mayor de los Reales Jardines de Aranjuez, cuyos nombres deben perpetuarse juntos en la botanica y agricultura, ciencias en que han hecho progressos bien conocidos, y acreditados por el numerosisimo herbario que traxeron de Francia e Inglaterra, a donde fueron pensionados por S. M. para instruirse en ambas ciencias por las memorias botanicas insertas en los anales de ciencias naturales; por los tratados de agricultura sobre las Plantas de hortaliza, y de flores de adorno, y por las muchas y preciosas memorias publicadas en el seminario de agricultura, de que son actualmente muy dignos redactores.	I dedicate this genus, which undoubtedly contains species useful for agriculture, to the Lords Don Claudio Boutelou, Second Professor, and Gardener mayor of the Real Jardi Botanico of Madrid, and Don Esteban his brother, senior outfielder of the Royals Gardens of Aranjuez, whose names must be perpetuated together in botany and agriculture, sciences in who have made well-known and accredited progress for the numerous herbarium that they brought from France and England, where they were pensioned by S. M. to be instructed in both sciences through memoirs botanicals inserted in the annals of science natural; by agricultural treaties on Vegetable plants, and decorative flowers, and for the many precious memoirs published in the agricultural seminar, of which they are currently very worthy editors.	p. 134
…	…

A note on La Gasca or Lagasca as the author's surname. In the publication cited above, the surname is spelled “La Gasca,” see the image of the title page above. However, all our modern sources, including those of the Real Jardin Botanico, use the spelling of “Lagasca” of our author's surname.

The names published here by La Gasca were

1. Boutelua racemosa. Bot pendula H. R. M.
2. Boutelua hirsuta. Bot. hirta. H. R. M.
3. Boutelua barbata.
4. Boutelua simplex.
5. Boutelua prostrata, H. R. M.

Bouteloua simplex Lag.

Lagasca (1805, p. 141) published the name of Bouteloua simplex for our little annual grass. Nee collected in Mexico, Peru and the Philipines. Griffiths states that his collection of B. simplex was made in Peru.

4. BOT, simplex, culmo simplici, erectus-cula, monostachio : spica terminali, oblonga, glaberrima.

4. Bouteloua simplex, simple culm, erect-branched, single-spike : terminal spike, oblong, very glabrous

p. 141

Go to page: [6] [9]